1960 World Series (partially found NBC coverage of MLB series; 1960)

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The Pittsburgh Pirates' program for the 1960 World Series.

Status: Partially Found

The 1960 World Series commenced between 5th and 13th of October 1960, with seven games held at the Forbes Field and Yankee Stadium. In a well-fought contest between the New York Yankees and the Pittsburgh Pirates, the Pirates finally ended their 35-year World Series drought courtesy of Bill Mazeroski's match-winning walk-off home run. All seven games were fully televised live by NBC. Under normal circumstances, no television coverage of this series would have existed, as NBC routinely wiped its sports broadcasts. But amazingly, Game 7's telecast survived after a recording was discovered in the wine cellar of Bing Crosby's former home.

Background

Defending World Series champions the Los Angeles Dodgers were among eight teams in contention for the 1960 National League.[1][2] Whereas the Dodgers languished in fourth place with an 82-72 win-loss record, the Pittsburgh Pirates topped the league with a 95-59 record.[2] The St Louis Cardinals' 5-0 defeat against the Chicago Cubs gave the Pirates the pennant.[3] For many observers, the Pirates' success was a major surprise considering they had not won a pennant since the 1927 edition.[4][5][3] In their history, the Pirates had reached four previous World Series, winning the 1909 and 1925 editions.[1] They lost the 1927 title 4-0 to their 1960 challengers: the New York Yankees.[6][1][5] Under coach Casey Stengel,[7] the Yankees had reached nine of the last eleven World Series and won seven of them.[8][9][1] The turn of the decade saw no signs of decline, as the Yankees claimed the 1960 American League pennant and their 25th overall with a 97-57 record.[10][8]

Because of the clear differences in fortunes, the Yankees were naturally deemed the 5/7 favourites heading into the Series.[11][9] However, Sports Illustrated were among a few publications to disagree with the seeming consensus.[11] They pointed out that Pittsburgh boasted a 20-point higher average than the Yankees in their respective seasons and had also garnered a reputation for being resilient.[11][2][10] It praised pitchers Vernon Law and Bob Friend, who greatly contributed to the Pirates' mere 3.49 earned run average (ERA).[12][11] It also singled out Roy Face as "perhaps the best relief man in all baseball" and deemed the team's line-up as efficiently conducted by coach Danny Murtaugh.[11] Murtaugh had become the Pirates' coach late in the 1957 season.[13][14][5] The development of young players like the aforementioned Law and Friend, as well as the likes of second baseman Bill Mazeroski and skipper Dick Groat,[15] paid dividends early on.[14][11] After narrowly missing out on the 1958 National League pennant to the Braves,[16] conditioning issues caused a slump in performance the following season.[17][11][14] Further disciplinary changes were implemented by Murtaugh; this included him forbidding the players' wives from travelling with them.[5] Still, Murtaugh "players' manager" approach and vastly strong, consistent performances led Sports Illustrated to declare their support for the Pirates.[11][13]

However, the Yankees could not be underestimated.[18][11] Outside of their consistent World Series track record,[1] the Yankees enjoyed a 15-match winning streak late in the American League season.[18][7] One major coup was the acquisition of outfielder Roger Maris from the Kansas City Ath­letics, who subsequently achieved a 112 runs batted in (RBI) season record.[19][18][7] In contrast, Roberto Clemente delivered the Pirates' best RBI at 94.[12] On the pitching side, Art Ditmar, Jim Coates, Whitey Ford and Ralph Terry were all credited for the Yankees' limited earned run average (ERA) of 3.52.[18][19] Sports Illustrated also stated the Yankees had better home run potential over the Pirates, who fixated more so on singles.[11] Meanwhile, Golden Baseball Magazine noted "No team had ever entered the World Series so red hot".[18] The Yankees' main concerns surrounded its ageing management structure, which was blamed for the team's disappointing 1959 campaign.[20][18][7] Yankees President Dan Topping responded by replacing long-term pitching coach Jim Turner with Eddie Lopat and had begun to slowly erase Stengel's influence on the team.[18][7] After Al Lopez refused to take over as manager,[18] Topping instead prepared Ralph Houk for the role, which included a brief stint in the 1960 season while Stengel recovered from a brief illness.[7] Hence, the 1960 World Series would be Stengel's swansong with the Yankees.[7][18] Law, after overly celebrating his side's American League victory, was forced to nurse an injured ankle throughout the event.[18] In comparison, the Pirates suffered a blow when, with just a month to prepare, Groat suffered a wrist injury.[11] He nevertheless was able to compete, albeit slightly handicapped as he could not fully open his glove during play.[21][22]

On the media side, NBC enjoyed a national monopoly.[23][24] It originally provided live coverage of the 1947 edition alongside CBS and DuMont, which marked the first televised World Series.[25][26][27] Two years later, it provided the first live network broadcast across all MLB-affiliated cities.[28][29] For the 1951 World Series, the first televised across the entirety of the United States,[30] NBC signed an exclusive four-year deal with the Gillette Safety Razor Company.[31] Gillette had been influential in World Series coverage since 1939 when it obtained radio distribution rights in a $100,000 per annum deal.[32] The company capitalised on the fledgling television coverage's potential, securing a $65,000 bid alongside Ford in 1947.[26][32] For 1951, Gillette agreed to an exclusive $925,000 per annum television deal with the MLB, which would last until 1956.[32] Following this, NBC, Gillette and the MLB, under commissioner Ford Frick, signed a $16.25 million deal for the 1957-1961 seasons.[23] This not only meant NBC retained exclusive national television coverage, but it additionally gained the official World Series radio broadcast rights.[23][32] For the 1960 edition, Mel Allen and Bob Prince provided television commentary, while Chuck Thompson and Jack Quinlan handled the radio coverage.[24]

The 1960 broadcasts were directed by Harry Coyle, who would cover NBC's World Series telecasts between 1947 and 1988.[33][23] The coverage relied on five cameras situated across the two stadiums.[34][24][23] Among them included the center field camera, first introduced by Coyle for the 1957 World Series.[33][23] The others were placed behind the plates and at the lines.[24] The games were also aired live in full colour, having first been introduced for the 1955 World Series.[35][24][27] All seven broadcasts were initially recorded on 2-inch Quadruplex tapes, noted as being of superior quality compared to kinescope counterparts.[36][37] Months before the games, NBC landed another five-year exclusive contract worth $18.75 million.[23][32] NBC's monopoly lasted throughout the 1960s and up to 1976, enabling it to debut features like instant replays and slow motion that were not possible for the 1960 broadcasts.[23][34][24] This came to an end in 1977 when ABC handled that year's coverage as part of a new joint deal with NBC.[32] But throughout this, international radio broadcasts had also emerged.[23] Among these included a shortwave broadcast in Paris; its existence plays a key role in this lost media narrative.[34][24]

The Games

The games took place between 5th and 13th October 1960.[15] The first two would commence at the Pirates' Forbes Field; following these, the Yankees would host Games 3-4 at the Yankees Stadium.[15] If a further three games were required, the fifth game would remain at the Yankees Stadium, whereas the Pirates would crucially regain the home-field advantage for games 6 and 7.[15][9][21][18] Game 1 took place with 36,676 in attendance.[38][15] Law was selected as the Pirates' starting pitcher, but he could not prevent Maris from kickstarting the Yankees' campaign with a first-innings home run.[38][15][18] Law's counterpart was Ditmar;[15][38] though some analysts expected Ford to begin proceedings, Mickey Mantle implied Ditmar's appointment arose because Stengel favoured ground-ball pitchers.[18] Ultimately, after Ditmar conceded runs to Bill Virdon, Groat and Bob Skinner, Stengel opted to replace him with Coates.[38][15][6] Law and Coates held strong for innings 2 and 3. For the fourth innings, a single from Bill Skowron was enough for Maris to reduce the gap to 3-2 in the Pirates' favour. However, Mazeroski scored the Pirates' first home run, which also enabled a run from Don Hoak for 5-2. In the Pirates' sixth innings, with Duke Maas having replaced Coates, a Virdon double allowed Mazeroski to reach home for 6-2. Innings 7 and 8 were scoreless, which meant the Yankees required at least four runs to keep the game alive. Alas, while an Elston Howard two-run homer against pitcher Face reduced the deficit to 6-4, the Yankees failed to capitalise on this momentum. This meant the Pirates won without their ninth innings being required.[38][15][6]

Game 2 was played in front of 37,308 on 6th October, with Bob Turley and Friend selected as the Yankees' and Pirates' opening pitchers respectively.[39][15][18] Both Bobs ensured a deadlocked first two innings, before a single from Tony Kubek in innings 3 allowed Bobby Richardson to open the Yankees' scoresheet. Gil McDougald's subsequent double enabled Kubek to reach home for 2-0. In the Yankees' fourth innings, Turley's single allowed a second Richardson run to make it 3-0. The Pirates ended their run drought in their fourth innings, with Hoak's double allowing Gino Cimoli to reach home. However, Mantle scored a double-run homer in innings 5 to extend the Yankees' lead to 5-1. Any confidence the Pirates might have gained in Game 1 evaporated during the Yankees' sixth innings. The team went through no less than three different pitchers, Fred Green, Clem Labine and Red Witt, none of whom were able to stop a rampant Yankees side from landing seven hits and seven runs. A scoreless Pirates innings was then punished by Mantle's treble home run in innings 7, making it 15-1 in the Yankees' favour. A wild pitch from Tom Cheney against Skowron in the Yankees' ninth innings allowed Mantle to make it 16-1. Consolation runs from Joe Christopher and Rocky Nelson in the Pirates' final innings reduced the final score to 16-3.[39][15][6] The Pirates landed 13 hits overall, only six behind the Yankees, but simply could not convert them into runs.[6][39]

The Yankees gained the home-field advantage for Game 3, played amidst 70,001 fans on 9th October.[40][15][6] Vinegar Bend Mizell was chosen as the Pirates' pitcher, while Ford was finally selected for the Yankees.[18][40][15] Skowron's single allowed Bob Cerv to open the Yankees' scoresheet. Mizell was then shortly replaced by Labine, but a subsequent Howard single made it 2-0 as Mantle reached home. Following this, Skowron was on third base, McDougald stood at second and Howard was situated at first. Immediately afterwards, Richardson landed a grand slam to extend the Yankees' lead to 6-0. It marked the seventh grand slam in World Series history and the first instance of it occurring in the inaugural innings since Elmer Smith's historic slam in the 1920 edition.[41] In the Yankees' fourth innings, Mantle landed a double homer. It was followed up with a Richardson single to allow Skowron to reach home for 10-0. Throughout the game, the Pirates failed to score a single run as Ford held strong. Thus, the Yankees were naturally not required to play a ninth innings.[40][15][6]

Game 4 took place on 9th October with 67,812 in attendance.[42][15] The Yankees this time fielded Terry while the Pirates attempted to replicate their Game 1 promise by re-selecting Law.[42][15][6][18] After a barren first three innings, a Skowron home run in the fourth broke the deadlock. But in their fifth innings, the Pirates finally ended their 14-innings run drought,[39][40] when a Law double helped Cimoli reach home. Virdon's subsequent single to the center field generated enough time for two runs from Smoky Burgess and Law. Outside of these three runs, the Pirates failed to score for the remaining innings. Despite this, the Yankees could only muscle an additional run, which came in the seventh innings as Skowron ran to home despite Richardson ultimately being grounded out. Thus, the Pirates narrowly won 3-2.[42][15][6]

With the Series levelled 2-2, Game 5 commenced on 10th October in front of 62,753.[43][15] The Pirates selected Harvey Haddix as their lead pitcher, whereas the Yankees decided to opt for Ditmar again.[15][43][18][6] Based on Baseball Almanac's summary, Ditmar was perhaps chosen because the Pirates might have lowered their guard following Game 1, thus giving Ditmar a chance to redeem himself.[15] Alas, a failed catch by the third baseman from a Hoak shot enabled Cimoli to score in the seconds innings. This was followed up a Mazeroski double, which made it 3-0 thanks to Burgess and Hoak both reaching home. Ditmar was subsequently replaced by Luis Arroyo, who took out Haddix and Virdon in quick succession. In their own second innings, Kubek was grounded out but this move allowed Howard to pull one back for the Yankees. In the third innings, a Clemente single let Groat score the Pirates' fourth run. However, Maris' home run reduced the deficit back to two runs. After a scoreless fifth-eighth innings, Hoak's single enabled Christopher to reach home. The Yankees chased a target of three runs but suffered yet another shutout, the final score being 5-2 in the Pirates' favour.[43][15][6]

The Series returned to Forbes Field for Game 6, which attracted 38,580.[44] Friend and Ford were selected as the Pirates' and Yankees' starting pitchers respectively.[44][15][18] The Yankees took the lead courtesy of a Ford single in the second innings, which allowed Berra to reach home. Five more were added in the following innings; Mantle's single enabled both Kubek and Maris to score. After that, Friend was replaced by Cheney. A sacrifice fly from Skowron worked as Mantle reached home, while a subsequent triple from Richardson secured runs from Berra and Johnny Blanchard. Mizell then replaced Cheney and ensured shutouts for the Yankees' fourth and fifth innings before he was replaced by Green and later Labine. But in the sixth, singles from Kubek and Berra allowed runs from Boyer and Kubek respectively, putting the score up to 8-0. During their seventh innings, Richardson hit another triple for Blanchard's benefit. Ford's sacrifice bunt then allowed Richardson to reach home. Now 10-0 up, the Yankees scored their final two runs in their eighth innings, a Berra single and a Blanchard double being enough for Mantle and Berra to contribute. In nine innings, the Pirates failed to score despite the home-field advantage, being overwhelmed by Ford and the "Bronx Bombers" led by Richardson's triples and strong 3 RBI record.[15][44][6] However, Ford notably played throughout the game; some analysts deemed this a mistake, as he was now unable to play a single innings for the all-deciding Game 7.[45][18]

Game 7 is widely considered among the greatest in World Series history.[9][24][6][18][21] It took place on 13th October in front of 36,683 at Forbes Field.[45][15] Thanks to the recovery of its television broadcast,[34] Game 7 has been subject to an extensive innings-by-innings analysis by sources like ESPN and Golden Baseball Magazine,[9][18] which goes beyond the scope of the Lost Media Wiki. Law and Turley became the sides' respective opening pitchers.[18][45][15] It was a dream start for the Pirates; Nelson kicked off proceedings with a double homer in the first innings. In the second, Virdon's single against Turley's replacement Bill Stafford enabled both Hoak and Mazeroski to complete their runs. Already 4-0 down, the Yankees were unable to challenge in their first four innings, having only landed two hits overall. Skowron's home run in the fifth finally got the Yankees off the starting block. They subsequently punished the Pirates' drought period in innings six; Mantle's single against new pitcher Face let Richardson score, with Berra's subsequent triple homer dramatically putting the score 5-4 in the Yankees' favour. The Pirates failed to score in innings six and seven, as Bobby Shantz held strong. In the eighth, Blanchard's single and Clete Boyer's double allowed Berra and Skowron to complete runs respectively. Now behind 7-4, the Pirates fought back in their eighth innings, with Groat and Clemente's singles enabling respective runs from Cimoli and Virdon. But it was Hal Smith's triple home run which truly saved the Pirates' bacon, as they were now 9-7 up with one innings to go.[45][15][18][9][6] The home run was described as "One of the most dramatic base hits in the history of the World Se­ries" by NBC announcer Mel Allen.[18]

Now again chasing the game, the Yankees suffered a blow when Maris was caught by Smith. Mantle gave the Yankees hope when his single critically allowed Richardson to pull one back. Berra's subsequent shot triggered a series of events where Mantle famously slid beneath Nelson and subsequently gave McDougald ample time to reach home.[46] However, two consecutive groundouts meant the score was 9 apiece as the Pirates took their final innings. Mazeroski stood up to the plate, against Terry. After the first pitch resulted in a ball, Blanchard instructed Terry to throw the ball down in the next pitch.[18] Terry attempted this, but while the ball was lower than the previous, it was still considered high enough for Mazeroski's liking. Mazeroski subsequently fired the ball over the left-field wall, delivering the famous Series-winning walk-off home run in the process.[6][18][9][45][15] His dash to home has since been immortalised via a bronze statue erected in 2010, which can be seen outside the PNC Park.[47] The 4-3 Series victory ended 35 years of hurt for the Pirates, who claimed their third title after their 1909 and 1925 triumphs.[1][4] The Yankees reacted with intense disappointment; amazingly, they had achieved a World Series record of 91 hits and 55 runs overall, compared to the Pirates' 60 hits and only 27 runs respectively.[15][18][21] However, while the Yankees' three victories were dominant, Sports Illustrated claimed the Pirates' greater determination combined with arguably better skill gave them the narrow wins they required.[21] As Murtaugh remarked prior to Game 7, the number of runs scored is meaningless compared to the actual number of games won.[18]

Murtaugh would later manage the Pirates on an on/off basis, having suffered from various health issues.[5][13][14] He nevertheless guided the Pirates to the 1971 World Series title against the Baltimore Orioles in another 4-3 victory.[1][14][5][4] Since his passing on 2nd December 1976,[5] intense debate has emerged as to whether Murtaugh warrants inclusion into the Hall of Fame, with supporters and opposers having placed detailed cases for and against his inclusion.[14][13] Under Chuck Tanner, the Pirates won the 1979 World Series, in another 4-3 win against the Orioles.[48][1][4] As of the 2023 edition, the Pirates have yet to reach another World Series.[4][1] Though Richardson was the 1960 World Series MVP for his 12 RBI record which included a home run, two triples and two doubles, it did little to placate the Yankees.[6][15] Consequently, Stengel was officially replaced by Houk, the former remarking that "I'll never make the mistake of being seventy again" in response to his dismissal.[7] Houk guided the Yankees to the 1961 and 1962 World Series.[49][8][1] Since then, the Yankees have won a record 27 World Series, their last as of 2023 being a 4-2 win over the Philadelphia Phillies in 2009.[8][1] In 2008, The New York Times begrudgingly accepted the 1960 World Series was a memorable one and also determined it as "simply the strangest Series ever."[50] To this day, Ford's absences in Games 1 and 7 is considered by several analysts as crucial towards the Pirates' triumph.[50]

Availability

NBC covered all seven games of the 1960 World Series live.[24][34] The majority of viewers watched the broadcasts in black and white as colour television sets were generally too expensive for the average consumer back then.[18] According to Center Field Shot: A History of Baseball on Television co-author Robert Bellamy, the airings were typically stored on 2-inch Quadruplex tapes.[37] However, there were a few drawbacks: From a practical standpoint, the tapes could only function on the recording device.[36] Concerning preservation, such heavy tapes were cost-prohibitive to mass produce and sufficiently store.[36] Because of this, NBC and other American television networks routinely opted to wipe its major sports broadcasts.[37] Aside from the fact that home media and classic re-runs were not envisioned in the early 1960s, NBC higher-ups were typically satisfied with re-airing shorter third-party alternatives like newsreels and films produced by the MLB.[37] At every game, newsreel and Major League Baseball Productions captured their own footage of the events that unfolded, the latter of which can be found on YouTube.[51][34] Likewise, the NBC Radio broadcasts have been fully preserved and can be listened to on platforms like YouTube.[52]

Thus, the 1960 World Series' television broadcasts were seemingly wiped from existence by NBC.[34][24] In fact, the majority of MLB broadcasts throughout the 1950s to much of the 1970s were affected by these practices.[34][37] The oldest surviving World Series games to exist in their entirety are Games 6 and 7 of the 1952 edition.[53][54][37] In the decades following the 1960 World Series, it was believed no footage from the television broadcasts had survived.[34][24] But although NBC no longer possessed any tapes and home recordings were few and far between because of their immense cost, hope still remained that other copies had survived.[37][34] Center Field Shot co-author James Walker noted the Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS) routinely recorded major television broadcasts through kinescopes, having provided multiple copies for America's armed forces stationed across the world.[37] In Game 7's case, another kinescope recording had been produced during its broadcast, as requested by the singer and actor Bing Crosby.[34][24][37] Crosby is already well-known for his influence in 20th-century entertainment and is considered the inaugural multimedia star.[55] But he is also a key figure in the wide adoption of pre-recording and usage of tapes following the Second World War.[55] He financially backed Ampex, which kickstarted commercial videotape recorders via the release of its 2-inch Quadruplex VRX-1000.[56][57] Soon, television and radio would increasingly utilise tape recording, which in turn greatly helped the editing process.[57]

Crosby was also a co-owner of the Pirates, having acquired 25% of the team in 1946.[58] However, Crosby supposedly attended previous big games the Pirates had ultimately lost.[58] Thus, in the build-up towards Game 7 of the 1960 World Series, the singer-actor felt his presence would generate bad luck for his team.[34] Fortunately for him, there was a twofold solution: As international radio broadcasts were becoming more common, Crosby and his wife Kathryn opted to travel to Paris.[34][24] That way, they could tune in to a shortwave airing as well as meet up with friends Charles and Nonie de Limur.[34] Meanwhile, Crosby harnessed his Ampex connections so that a kinescope recording could be made.[34][24] The entirety of the 2-hour and 36-minute clash was captured on five reels and although it lacked colour, it was of more than sufficient 16 mm quality.[24][34][37] After happily learning of the Pirates' victory live, Crosby obtained the kinescope tape and saw the television coverage in a screening room situated at his Hillsborough, California home.[34][24] Once viewed, Crosby carefully stored the kinescope in his wine cellar, which had been converted into a film vault.[34][24][37][58] On 14th October 1977, Crosby passed away suddenly at the age of 73.[59]

The recording laid dormant for five decades.[34] It was only recovered in the spring of 2010 by Bing Crosby Enterprises' Robert Bader, who was inspecting the vault for Crosby's special television appearances.[34][24] Having stumbled upon two "1960 World Series" reels, he soon located the other three and was amazed to find the entirety of Game 7 had been preserved.[34] An arrangement was made with the MLB Network, which televised a Technicolor-restored broadcast on 15th December 2010.[60][34] Beforehand, The New York Times had also viewed the coverage and remained mostly puzzled regarding Mantle's ninth innings slide, which nevertheless ensured the Yankees levelled proceedings and avoided a double out.[46] The broadcast has since been released on DVD and can also be viewed on YouTube.[61][37] While the other six games remain missing as of March 2024, Game 7's cover spurs hope that copies of the other broadcasts may still exist elsewhere.[37]

Gallery

Videos

NBC's live telecast of Game 7.

Major League Baseball Productions film of the 1960 World Series.

NBC Radio coverage of Game 7.

See Also

External Links

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Baseball-Almanac detailing the history of the World Series and the list of winners. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Baseball-Reference detailing the 1960 National League standings. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Archived Pittsburgh Baseball History summarising the Pirates achieving the 1960 National League pennant on 25th September. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Baseball-Reference detailing the history and records of the Pittsburgh Pirates. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Society for American Baseball Research biography on Murtaugh. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 MLB providing a recap of the 1960 World Series. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 Society for American Baseball Research biography on Stengel. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Baseball-Reference detailing the history and records of the New York Yankees. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 ESPN reflecting on Game 7, innings by innings. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Baseball-Reference detailing the 1960 American League standings. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  11. ↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 3rd October 1960 issue of Sports Illustrated previewing the Series and declaring the Pirates as the favourites. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Baseball-Reference detailing the Pirates' 1960 season including RBI and ERA statistics. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 MLB summarising the career of Murtaugh and his reputation as a players' manager. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 Cooperstown Cred detailing the merits of Murtaugh being included in the Hall of Fame and noting his development of young players who were key to the Pirates' 1960 success. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  15. ↑ 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 15.14 15.15 15.16 15.17 15.18 15.19 15.20 15.21 15.22 15.23 15.24 15.25 15.26 15.27 15.28 Baseball-Almanac summarising the 1960 World Series and providing the relevant scorecards. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  16. ↑ Baseball-Reference detailing the 1958 National League standings. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  17. ↑ Baseball-Reference detailing the 1959 National League standings. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  18. ↑ 18.00 18.01 18.02 18.03 18.04 18.05 18.06 18.07 18.08 18.09 18.10 18.11 18.12 18.13 18.14 18.15 18.16 18.17 18.18 18.19 18.20 18.21 18.22 18.23 18.24 18.25 18.26 18.27 18.28 Golden Baseball Magazine detailing the prelude of the 1960 World Series, the crucial Game 7 and the aftermath. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Baseball-Reference detailing the Yankees' 1960 season including RBI and ERA statistics. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  20. ↑ Baseball-Reference detailing the 1959 American League standings. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 24th October 1960 issue of Sports Illustrated reviewing the 1960 World Series. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  22. ↑ Bucs Dugout interview with Groat where he summarised how his wrist injury affected his performance during the Series. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 23.6 23.7 23.8 Center Field Shot: A History of Baseball on Television detailing the two contracts between NBC, Gillette and MLB which allowed NBC to provide live radio and television coverage of the World Series throughout the 1950s and 1960s (p.g. 92-94). Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  24. ↑ 24.00 24.01 24.02 24.03 24.04 24.05 24.06 24.07 24.08 24.09 24.10 24.11 24.12 24.13 24.14 24.15 24.16 24.17 Sports Broadcast Journal summarising the game, the NBC coverage and the recovery of the Game 7 broadcast. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  25. ↑ The Conversation detailing the television coverage of the 1947 World Series. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 6th October 1947 issue of Broadcasting Magazine reporting on the 1947 World Series' historic television coverage and Gillette/Ford's $65,000 deal with the MLB (p.g. 83). Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 History summarising the first live televised World Series and the first to be broadcast in colour. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  28. ↑ Packaging Baseball: How Marketing Embellishes the Cultural Experience noting NBC provided the first live network broadcast of the World Series in 1949 (p.g. 81). Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  29. ↑ Center Field Shot: A History of Baseball on Television noting the 1949 World Series was the first to be broadcast across all cities with MLB teams (p.g. 75). Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  30. ↑ Baseball Hall of Fame summarising key television milestones in baseball coverage, including NBC's first national broadcast of the World Series in 1951. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  31. ↑ Center Field Shot: A History of Baseball on Television noting NBC's first exclusive World Series television deal with Gillette that began in 1951. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.5 Sports Business Journal summarising World Series radio and television rights deals since the 1934 edition. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Society for American Baseball Research biography on Coyle. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  34. ↑ 34.00 34.01 34.02 34.03 34.04 34.05 34.06 34.07 34.08 34.09 34.10 34.11 34.12 34.13 34.14 34.15 34.16 34.17 34.18 34.19 34.20 34.21 The New York Times reporting on the recovery of the Game 7 broadcast. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  35. ↑ Center Field Shot: A History of Baseball on Television noting NBC's long-term coverage of the World Series and how the 1955 edition became the first to be televised in colour. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 A Series of Splices summarising the usage of 2-inch Quadruplex tapes, which contributed towards the extent of lost television media. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  37. ↑ 37.00 37.01 37.02 37.03 37.04 37.05 37.06 37.07 37.08 37.09 37.10 37.11 37.12 MarketWatch detailing how many baseball and football tapes became lost and the hunt for these missing broadcasts. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 38.4 Baseball-Reference providing statistics for Game 1. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 Baseball-Reference providing statistics for Game 2. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 Baseball-Reference providing statistics for Game 3. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  41. ↑ The Denver Post listing grand slams at the World Series up to the 2005 World Series.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 Baseball-Reference providing statistics for Game 4. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 Baseball-Reference providing statistics for Game 5. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 Baseball-Reference providing statistics for Game 6. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 45.4 Baseball-Reference providing statistics for Game 7. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 The New York Times summarising the famous Mantle slide in the ninth innings of Game 7, which remains a mysterious play despite the recovery of the broadcast. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  47. ↑ ESPN reporting on the establishment of a Mazeroski statue in 2010, paying tribute to his walk-off home run in the 1960 World Series. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  48. ↑ MLB's recap of the 1979 World Series, which as of 2023 is the last to feature the Pirates. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  49. ↑ Society for American Baseball Research page on Houk. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 24th June 2008 issue of The New York Times reflecting on the 1960 World Series. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  51. ↑ Major League Baseball Productions' film of the 1960 World Series. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  52. ↑ NBC Radio coverage of the 1960 World Series. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  53. ↑ Game 6 of the 1952 World Series. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  54. ↑ Game 7 of the 1952 World Series. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 PBS biography on Bing Crosby. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  56. ↑ History of Recording summarising the Ampex VRX-1000. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 The Audiophile Man providing Bob Phillips account on Crosby's influence regarding Ampex and tape recording. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 The Hollywood Reporter summarising Crosby's ownership of the Pirates. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  59. ↑ 15th October 1977 issue of The New York Times reporting on Crosby's death. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  60. ↑ Technicolor summarising its restoration of the Game 7 broadcast. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
  61. ↑ Game 7 of the 1960 World Series. Retrieved 23rd Mar '24
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