1971 Women's World Cup (partially found footage of international football matches; 1971): Difference between revisions
(This right here demonstrates why I love lost media so damn much. The 1971 Women's World Cup was MILES ahead of its time, with extensive media coverage and record-breaking attendances. The Final drew 110,000, a record for a women's sporting event! While the popularity didn't last in Mexico post-tournament, it must have been a surreal experience for the teams present there, especially considering most other countries barely recognised the sport. Hopefully, EURO 2022's legacy carries on long-term.) |
(I suppose splitting the paragraphs would help with readability, ha. Still one of my favourite topics I have written about on this Wiki.) |
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
FIEFF had previously held a World Cup in Italy the year before, with Denmark defeating the hosts 2-0 in the Final.<ref name="world1970">[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/mondo-women70.html ''RSSSF'' detailing the results of the 1970 Women's World Cup.] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref><ref name="goldi">[https://www.golditacco.it/martini-celebra-la-prima-coppa-del-mondo-di-calcio-femminile-del-1970/ ''Golditacco Aspillo'' detailing the 1970 Women's World Cup and its success (article in Italian).] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref><ref name="lazio">[https://lalazioalfemminile.blogspot.com/2017/06/luglio-1970-la-prima-coppa-del-mondo-al.html ''La Lazio al Femminile'' summarising the 1970 Women's World Cup and Mexico's strong performance in it (article in Italian).] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref> The inaugural Women's World Cup was declared a success, with the Final attracting around 40,000-50,000 at the Stadio Comunale.<ref name="common">[https://www.common-goal.org/Stories/1971-Unoffical-World-Cup2022-08-19 ''Common Goal'' detailing the strong media coverage which saw live television coverage of Mexico's matches, constant media reports, and record attendances for women's sport.] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref><ref name="world1970"/><ref name="goldi"/><ref name="lazio"/> Additionally, Mexico, who placed third after losing its Semi-Final match with Italy 2-1 but having beaten England 3-2 in the third place play-off, was declared the surprise package of the tournament.<ref name="world1970"/><ref name="lazio"/> It stirred interest in the North American country regarding hosting the subsequent Women's World Cup, having also hosted the men's 1970 World Cup.<ref name="futbolera">[https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Futbolera/cPxzDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 ''Futbolera'' detailing Mexico winning hosting duties for the tournament, the significant media coverage the tournament received, and the fall of women's football in Mexico by 1972.] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref><ref name="history">[https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_History_of_Women_s_Football/IvNUEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 ''The History of Women's Football'' detailing Mexico hosting the World Cup.] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref><ref name="common | FIEFF had previously held a World Cup in Italy the year before, with Denmark defeating the hosts 2-0 in the Final.<ref name="world1970">[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/mondo-women70.html ''RSSSF'' detailing the results of the 1970 Women's World Cup.] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref><ref name="goldi">[https://www.golditacco.it/martini-celebra-la-prima-coppa-del-mondo-di-calcio-femminile-del-1970/ ''Golditacco Aspillo'' detailing the 1970 Women's World Cup and its success (article in Italian).] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref><ref name="lazio">[https://lalazioalfemminile.blogspot.com/2017/06/luglio-1970-la-prima-coppa-del-mondo-al.html ''La Lazio al Femminile'' summarising the 1970 Women's World Cup and Mexico's strong performance in it (article in Italian).] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref> The inaugural Women's World Cup was declared a success, with the Final attracting around 40,000-50,000 at the Stadio Comunale.<ref name="common">[https://www.common-goal.org/Stories/1971-Unoffical-World-Cup2022-08-19 ''Common Goal'' detailing the strong media coverage which saw live television coverage of Mexico's matches, constant media reports, and record attendances for women's sport.] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref><ref name="world1970"/><ref name="goldi"/><ref name="lazio"/> Additionally, Mexico, who placed third after losing its Semi-Final match with Italy 2-1 but having beaten England 3-2 in the third place play-off, was declared the surprise package of the tournament.<ref name="world1970"/><ref name="lazio"/>It stirred interest in the North American country regarding hosting the subsequent Women's World Cup, having also hosted the men's 1970 World Cup.<ref name="futbolera">[https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Futbolera/cPxzDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 ''Futbolera'' detailing Mexico winning hosting duties for the tournament, the significant media coverage the tournament received, and the fall of women's football in Mexico by 1972.] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref><ref name="history">[https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_History_of_Women_s_Football/IvNUEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 ''The History of Women's Football'' detailing Mexico hosting the World Cup.] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref><ref name="common"/> | ||
The country therefore bid for hosting duties against Luxembourg, Spain, Switzerland, and West Germany, with the main objections surrounding the Mexican bid being concerns over how the altitude and temperature may affect the players.<ref name="history"/><ref name="futbolera"/> After Mexico invited [[Mexico 2-0 Italy (lost footage of international football match; 1970)|Italy for two re-matches against the Mexican women's national football team]] and [[Club América 0-4 Italy (lost footage of international football match; 1970)|another against Club América]] during October 1970, FIEFF confirmed that Mexico would host the tournament.<ref name="history"/><ref name="futbolera"/> Women's football subsequently received significant television and media coverage in the build-up to the World Cup, something the game had never received to such an extent.<ref name="history"/><ref name="futbolera"/> | |||
Both FIFA and the Mexican Football Federation (FMF) objected to the tournament.<ref name="network">[https://girlssoccernetwork.com/1971-womens-world-cup/ ''Girls Soccer Network'' detailing the tournament's success in spite of FIFA and FMF objections.] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref><ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="history"/> While FIFA apparently recognised the rising interest in the women's game, it still found the concept outrageous and refused to establish a Women's World Cup until women's football was fully "controlled by national associations."<ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="network"/><ref name="history"/> Likewise, FMF refused to allow women's teams to utilise its fields and training facilities, with threats of fines of 25,000 pesos for doing so.<ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="network"/> It is believed by ''El Heraldo de México'' that FIFA's objections were based around ensuring the men's teams remained the stars of the big stadiums, as this would protect its business interests compared to the largely unsanctioned women's football, which could have been completely influenced by promoters.<ref name="futbolera"/> | |||
Despite this, the teams were treated as national superstars throughout the tournament.<ref name="common"/><ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="bbc"/><ref name="pressreview"/> It was a surreal experience for many, including the England side.<ref name="extra">[https://www.historyextra.com/period/20th-century/1971-womens-football-soccer-world-cup-mexico-england-team/ ''History Extra'' detailing the Cup, primarily focusing on England's time in the tournament.] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref><ref name="common"/><ref name="bbc"/><ref name="soccer"/> In England, the tournament barely received any coverage, and when it did, it was often in mocking fashion.<ref name="common"/><ref name="extra"/><ref name="bbc"/><ref name="network"/> However, the England Lionesses were treated as stars in Mexico, receiving mass coverage, frequent requests for autographs and photographs, and appeared on live colour television by facing Mexico in the group stages.<ref name="common"/><ref name="extra"/><ref name="soccer"/> Upon returning home, the team was temporarily banned by the Women's Football Association with manager Harry Batt banned for life for appearing in an unsanctioned tournament.<ref name="soccer"/><ref name="common"/><ref name="extra"/><ref name="bbc"/> Ultimately, while the 1971 Women's World Cup was a major success, momentum in the sport in Mexico plummeted by 1972.<ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="common"/><ref name="network"/><ref name="bbc"/> ''Futbolera'' hypothesised that the FMF taking over the sport in 1971 resulted in few resources being allocated to it, in favour of reviving a struggling men's team and ensuring gender norms were respected.<ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="pressreview"/><ref name="network"/> The Mexico team's later withdrawn demand for 1-2 million pesos to compete in the Final also attracted derision, although it should be noted that Mexico and the other teams received little-to-no income for their matches.<ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="pressreview"/> FIFA also still refused to take the women's game seriously.<ref name="network"/> Thus, women's football generally remained stagnant worldwide, and only through belated investment by FIFA, UEFA and other continental football bodies has the game begun to receive more mainstream attention in recent years.<ref name="common"/><ref name="pressreview"/><ref name="extra"/><ref name="network"/> FIFA refuses to recognise the Final's attendance, declaring its 1999 World Cup Final as having the biggest ever crowd for women's match at 90,185.<ref name="common"/><ref name="extra"/> | Nevertheless, FIEFF continued its preparations, hosting several qualifying matches.<ref name="world1971">[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/mundo-women71.html ''RSSSF'' detailing the results of qualifying and the final tournament.] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref><ref name="futbolera"/> Despite not recognising the tournament, FIFA ''did'' recognise its first women's international match, a qualifier in June 1971 between France and the Netherlands.<ref>[https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/france2019/news/first-ladies-pave-the-way-1414187 ''FIFA'' declaring the France-Netherlands game as the first official women's international football match.] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref><ref name="world1971"/><ref name="futbolera"/> France defeated the Netherlands 4-0 to qualify for the World Cup.<ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="world1971"/> Meanwhile, England and Italy beat Austria 3-0 and 6-0 respectively, and Argentina qualified after Costa Rica withdrew to be the sole South American representatives in the tournament.<ref name="world1971"/> Czechoslovakia, Belgium, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and West Germany could not compete due to visa and cost issues, while attempts to get Brazil and Chile into the World Cup came to nothing.<ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="world1971"/> England initially did not qualify as they were pitted in a group with Italy, losing 7-0 to them.<ref name="soccer">[https://historyofsoccer.info/england-womens-soccer-team ''History of Soccer'' detailing England's time in the tournament and subsequent banning by the Women's Football Association.] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref><ref name="world1971"/> However, the withdrawal of other teams allowed them to gain a place.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="network"/> | ||
The 1971 Women's World Cup commenced from 15th August to 5th September.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="common"/><ref name="history"/> It is declared by sources like the BBC as being the first instance where women's football truly reached the mainstream.<ref name="bbc">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-46149887 ''BBC News'' declaring the 1971 Women's World Cup as the first time women's football really reached the top, also detailing England's appearances at the tournament.] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref><ref name="common"/><ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="network"/> Thanks to sponsorship from Martini Rosso, and an intense marketing campaign which saw ramped television and print media coverage, resulted in the tournament attracting almost as much attention in Mexico as the men's 1970 World Cup.<ref name="pressreview">[https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/file_store/production/252746/55F35855-D8CB-4811-A9A5-AE163A53DF3D.pdf ''Sport in History'' chapter detailing the attendance figures and coverage provided by Canal 2, while also providing a detailed review of media coverage during the Cup.] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref><ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="common"/><ref name="network"/><ref name="bbc"/> For instance, the opening game between Mexico and Argentina drew at least 80,000, with some figures putting it closer to 100,000.<ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="common"/><ref name="world1971"/> Other games frequently attracted over 20,000, with games featuring Mexico typically nearly selling out.<ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="common"/><ref name="bbc"/><ref name="network"/><ref name="world1971"/> | |||
The Final at Azteca Stadium drew a record audience for women's sport at 110,000.<ref name="common"/><ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="pressreview"/><ref name="network"/><ref name="bbc"/><ref name="world1971"/> For context, no men's or women's European Championship match has come close to that figure, with the record attendance for a European Championship game being the England-Germany EURO 2022 Final, which drew 87,192.<ref name="common"/> The Mexico matches also received fully live television coverage in colour, thanks to backing from Televisa’s Canal 2, who also covered the opening ceremony.<ref name="pressreview"/><ref name="common"/> This was a sharp contrast for a period where women's football was barely even recognised in most countries.<ref name="common"/><ref name="pressreview"/><ref name="network"/> Naturally, the coverage still retained gender and cultural norms of the era, with some reports focusing on the women's appearance and femininity, while others criticised the occasional brutality as unladylike.<ref name="pressreview"/><ref name="common"/><ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="bbc"/><ref name="network"/> | |||
Despite this, the teams were treated as national superstars throughout the tournament.<ref name="common"/><ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="bbc"/><ref name="pressreview"/> It was a surreal experience for many, including the England side.<ref name="extra">[https://www.historyextra.com/period/20th-century/1971-womens-football-soccer-world-cup-mexico-england-team/ ''History Extra'' detailing the Cup, primarily focusing on England's time in the tournament.] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref><ref name="common"/><ref name="bbc"/><ref name="soccer"/> In England, the tournament barely received any coverage, and when it did, it was often in mocking fashion.<ref name="common"/><ref name="extra"/><ref name="bbc"/><ref name="network"/> However, the England Lionesses were treated as stars in Mexico, receiving mass coverage, frequent requests for autographs and photographs, and appeared on live colour television by facing Mexico in the group stages.<ref name="common"/><ref name="extra"/><ref name="soccer"/> Upon returning home, the team was temporarily banned by the Women's Football Association with manager Harry Batt banned for life for appearing in an unsanctioned tournament.<ref name="soccer"/><ref name="common"/><ref name="extra"/><ref name="bbc"/> | |||
Ultimately, while the 1971 Women's World Cup was a major success, momentum in the sport in Mexico plummeted by 1972.<ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="common"/><ref name="network"/><ref name="bbc"/> ''Futbolera'' hypothesised that the FMF taking over the sport in 1971 resulted in few resources being allocated to it, in favour of reviving a struggling men's team and ensuring gender norms were respected.<ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="pressreview"/><ref name="network"/> The Mexico team's later withdrawn demand for 1-2 million pesos to compete in the Final also attracted derision, although it should be noted that Mexico and the other teams received little-to-no income for their matches.<ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="pressreview"/> FIFA also still refused to take the women's game seriously.<ref name="network"/> Thus, women's football generally remained stagnant worldwide, and only through belated investment by FIFA, UEFA and other continental football bodies has the game begun to receive more mainstream attention in recent years.<ref name="common"/><ref name="pressreview"/><ref name="extra"/><ref name="network"/> FIFA refuses to recognise the Final's attendance, declaring its 1999 World Cup Final as having the biggest ever crowd for women's match at 90,185.<ref name="common"/><ref name="extra"/> | |||
==The Matches== | ==The Matches== | ||
The opening match saw Mexico play Argentina on 15th August in Group 1.<ref name="world1971"/> María Eugenia Rubio took the lead for the hosts after 21 minutes, but Argentina's Angélica Cardozo equalised 13 minutes later.<ref name="world1971"/> However, a 30th minute goal from Patricia Hernández and a second Rubio strike 54 minutes in sealed an opening victory for Mexico.<ref name="world1971"/> Argentina's Marta Soler later accused the referee of denying a legitimate goal for her team, with other accusations emerging the path to the Final for Mexico was rigged so that profits could be maximised.<ref name="stories">[https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Women_s_Soccer_the_Official_History_of_t.html?id=VUe-zAEACAAJ&redir_esc=y ''Women's Soccer: The Official History of the Unofficial World Cups'' providing a detailed account of the tournament, and various little-known facts about it.] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref> Argentina then faced England on 21st August, with the South American side's Elva Selva taking the lead seven minutes in.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="soccer"/> Janice Barton equalised after 13 minutes, but would later be sent off after temporarily leaving the pitch so she could remove her shin pads.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="soccer"/> Considering this was England's star striker, it effectively reduced any chances of England progressing.<ref name="extra"/><ref name="soccer"/> Three further goals from Selva in the 31st, 34th, and 71st minutes sealed the win for Argentina.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="extra"/><ref name="soccer"/> Two England players were severely injured, and ended up in casts.<ref name="stories"/> A day later, Mexico defeated England 4-0, with two goals coming from Teresa Aguilar, and one apiece by Eréndira Rangel and Elsa Huerta.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="extra"/><ref name="soccer"/> Mexico and Argentina qualified for the Semi-Finals, while England would contend the fifth place play-off.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="extra"/><ref name="soccer"/> However, Argentina's campaign was compromised when a bus crash resulted in eight of their players receiving injuries.<ref name="stories"/> | The opening match saw Mexico play Argentina on 15th August in Group 1.<ref name="world1971"/> María Eugenia Rubio took the lead for the hosts after 21 minutes, but Argentina's Angélica Cardozo equalised 13 minutes later.<ref name="world1971"/> However, a 30th minute goal from Patricia Hernández and a second Rubio strike 54 minutes in sealed an opening victory for Mexico.<ref name="world1971"/> Argentina's Marta Soler later accused the referee of denying a legitimate goal for her team, with other accusations emerging the path to the Final for Mexico was rigged so that profits could be maximised.<ref name="stories">[https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Women_s_Soccer_the_Official_History_of_t.html?id=VUe-zAEACAAJ&redir_esc=y ''Women's Soccer: The Official History of the Unofficial World Cups'' providing a detailed account of the tournament, and various little-known facts about it.] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref> Argentina then faced England on 21st August, with the South American side's Elva Selva taking the lead seven minutes in.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="soccer"/> Janice Barton equalised after 13 minutes, but would later be sent off after temporarily leaving the pitch so she could remove her shin pads.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="soccer"/> Considering this was England's star striker, it effectively reduced any chances of England progressing.<ref name="extra"/><ref name="soccer"/> Three further goals from Selva in the 31st, 34th, and 71st minutes sealed the win for Argentina.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="extra"/><ref name="soccer"/> | ||
Two England players were severely injured, and ended up in casts.<ref name="stories"/> | |||
A day later, Mexico defeated England 4-0, with two goals coming from Teresa Aguilar, and one apiece by Eréndira Rangel and Elsa Huerta.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="extra"/><ref name="soccer"/> Mexico and Argentina qualified for the Semi-Finals, while England would contend the fifth place play-off.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="extra"/><ref name="soccer"/> However, Argentina's campaign was compromised when a bus crash resulted in eight of their players receiving injuries.<ref name="stories"/> | |||
In Group 2, defending champions Denmark faced France on 18th August.<ref name="guardian">[https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/jun/13/womens-world-cup-game-changing-moments-no-2-denmark-in-1971 ''The Guardian'' detailing Denmark's road to the Final.] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref><ref name="world1971"/> Thanks to a goal from Susanne Augustesen, and two from Lis Lene Nielsen in the 32nd and 67th minutes, the Danes would dominate proceedings to win 3-0.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="guardian"/> France faced Italy three days later, where a strike from Elena Schiavo 23 minutes in sealed the victory for the latter.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="guardian"/> Because of this, Italy and Denmark had already qualified for the Semi-Finals, but would face each other in a 1970 Final rematch a day later.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="guardian"/> Notably, Italy allowed Denmark to board their bus after the latter's broke down in a Mexican desert partway to the stadium.<ref name="guardian"/> Helene Østergaard Hansen took the lead for Denmark, but Claudia Avon levelled proceedings 43 minutes in.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="guardian"/> Neither side broke the deadlock, resulting in a draw.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="guardian"/> | |||
Because of a better result against France, Denmark topped the group and would face Argentina, while Italy competed against Mexico.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="guardian"/> France and England competed for fifth on 28th August, with the Lionesses nursing several injuries and even relying on local players to fill in spaces.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="soccer"/><ref name="bbc"/><ref name="extra"/> Notably, Gracia González became the only woman to referee a match at this tournament.<ref name="world1971"/> Meanwhile, Barton returned for England, taking the lead after 10 minutes.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="extra"/> Armelle Binard equalised two minutes later, but Barton put England back in front after 16 minutes.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="extra"/> However, goals from Jocelyne Henry and either Marie-Christine Tschopp or Paula Rayner 22 and 32 minutes in respectively secured a narrow victory for France.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="extra"/><ref name="soccer"/> | |||
The same day, Denmark thrashed a weakened Argentina 5-0, courtesy of a hat-trick from L. Nielsen, a 53rd minute goal from H. Hansen, and a 64th minute strike by Annette Frederiksen.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="stories"/> In a 1970 Semi-Final rematch, Mexico would gain revenge on Italy by beating them 2-1.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="guardian"/> The night prior, Mexico fans generated noise all night directed towards the hotel the Italians were sleeping in, compromising their performance and energy levels heading into the game.<ref name="stories"/> Despite this, Carmela Varone had taken the lead for the Italians six minutes in, but the team proved over-aggressive, conceding a penalty almost immediately.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="guardian"/> Hernández converted the penalty to level proceedings, before scoring another penalty after 24 minutes to take the lead.<ref name="world1971"/> From there, Mexico edged out Italy to reach the Final.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="guardian"/> | |||
Allegedly, the Italians were furious with their loss; they accused the referee of ending the match a few minutes prematurely over apparent fighting, with the referee also having sent off manager Giuseppe Cavicchi after 26 minutes.<ref name="world1971"/> Italy also claimed two goals of theirs were denied, again providing allegations of rigging the road to the Final in Mexico's favour.<ref name="stories"/> The Italians smashed up their dressing room post-game in anger.<ref name="guardian"/> In the third place play-off, held on 4th September, Italy defeated Argentina 4-0 courtesy of a hat-trick from Elisabetta Vignotto and a 63rd minute goal from Schiavo.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="guardian"/> | |||
Finally, in front of around 110,000 at the Azteca Stadium, Mexico played Denmark on 5th September, the hosts deciding that the applause from the crowd would be better than receiving the 1-2 million pesos.<ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="pressreview"/><ref name="world1971"/><ref name="guardian"/> To avoid a repeat of the crowd noise incident, the Danish Embassy worked to find Danish residents who would be happy to welcome the Denmark team for an overnight stay.<ref name="stories"/> Ultimately, possibly due to a lack of training, Mexico considerably underperformed compared to their previous three games, although they were noted to have improved by the second-half.<ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="pressreview"/> Thus, Denmark dominated play, winning 3-0 courtesy of a hat-trick from Susanne Augustesen.<ref name="world1971"/><ref name="guardian"/><ref name="common"/><ref name="futbolera"/><ref name="pressreview"/> | |||
What is remarkable is that Augustesen almost never made it to the World Cup.<ref name="mondial">[https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Mondial_Football_Club_Geopolitics_Tome_2/7RadEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PT65&printsec=frontcover ''Mondial : Football Club Geopolitics'' summarising the tournament and Augustesen's success.] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref> As she was only 15 during the tournament (with several other players also noted for being under 18, England's Leah Caleb being the youngest at 13), Augustesen needed her parents' permission to travel.<ref name="mondial"/><ref name="common"/><ref name="bbc"/><ref name="extra"/><ref name="stories"/> Despite concerns of missing several school weeks, she was allowed to travel, enabling her to win the tournament for her country.<ref name="bt">[https://www.bt.dk/sport/verdensmester-som-15-aarig ''BT'' detailing Augustesen's time in the tournament and scoring the hat-trick in the Final (article in Danish).] Retrieved 9th Dec '22</ref><ref name="mondial"/><ref name="stories"/> Following Augustesen's third goal, the Danes received a standing ovation from the crowd, a rare occurrence at the Azteca.<ref name="common"/> Hence, Denmark defended their title, and received some fanfare upon the team's return to the country at the Copenhagen City Hall.<ref name="bt"/> However, the Danish Football Association did not recognise the team's 1970 and 1971 accomplishments due to them not being FIFA-sanctioned, and like many other football bodies, was apathetic towards the development of women's football at the time.<ref name="guardian"/><ref name="bt"/><ref name="common"/> It would not be [[1991 FIFA Women's World Cup (partially found footage of international football matches; 1991)|until 1991 that FIFA created its own Women's World Cup]].<ref>[https://ussporthistory.com/2015/07/02/the-beleaguered-history-of-the-womens-world-cup/ ''US Sport History'' detailing FIFA finally creating its own Women's World Cup, 20 years following the unofficial 1971 edition.] Retrieved 22nd Feb '23</ref> | |||
==Availability== | ==Availability== | ||
As previously mentioned, all four of Mexico's games were televised live nationally and in colour by Canal 2.<ref name="pressreview"/><ref name="common"/><ref name="extra"/> Ultimately, despite the tournament's popularity, very little footage of the games remain. Among clips include a 2:42 video of the Mexico-Argentina game uploaded by the Associated Press, and a few videos of the Final. The latter videos helps affirm the 110,000 figure was not exaggerated.<ref name="extra"/> Aside from this, a few amateur shots of the large crowds have also resurfaced. No footage of Mexico's games against England and Italy, nor any of the other matches, | As previously mentioned, all four of Mexico's games were televised live nationally and in colour by Canal 2.<ref name="pressreview"/><ref name="common"/><ref name="extra"/> Ultimately, despite the tournament's popularity, very little footage of the games remain. Among clips include a 2:42 video of the Mexico-Argentina game uploaded by the Associated Press, and a few videos of the Final. The latter videos helps affirm the 110,000 figure was not exaggerated.<ref name="extra"/> Aside from this, a few amateur shots of the large crowds have also resurfaced. No footage of Mexico's games against England and Italy, nor any of the other matches, is known to have survived. | ||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
| Line 148: | Line 165: | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Lost recordings of | [[Category:Lost recordings of sports events]] | ||
[[Category:Partially found media]] | [[Category:Partially found media]] | ||
[[Category:Historic]] | [[Category:Historic]] | ||
Latest revision as of 11:05, 22 February 2023
Denmark Captain Lis Westberg Pedersen lifting the trophy in front of a record audience for a women's sporting event.
Status: Partially Found
The 1971 Women's World Cup was the second international football tournament established by the Federation of Independent European Female Football (FIEFF). Occurring in Mexico from 15th August to 5th September, Denmark would defeat Mexico 3-0 in the Final to defend its title it won the previous year. The tournament proved extremely popular in Mexico, attracting world record attendances for women's sport. Additionally, it is known that all matches featuring the host country were fully televised live, courtesy of Televisa’s Canal 2.
Background
FIEFF had previously held a World Cup in Italy the year before, with Denmark defeating the hosts 2-0 in the Final.[1][2][3] The inaugural Women's World Cup was declared a success, with the Final attracting around 40,000-50,000 at the Stadio Comunale.[4][1][2][3] Additionally, Mexico, who placed third after losing its Semi-Final match with Italy 2-1 but having beaten England 3-2 in the third place play-off, was declared the surprise package of the tournament.[1][3]It stirred interest in the North American country regarding hosting the subsequent Women's World Cup, having also hosted the men's 1970 World Cup.[5][6][4]
The country therefore bid for hosting duties against Luxembourg, Spain, Switzerland, and West Germany, with the main objections surrounding the Mexican bid being concerns over how the altitude and temperature may affect the players.[6][5] After Mexico invited Italy for two re-matches against the Mexican women's national football team and another against Club América during October 1970, FIEFF confirmed that Mexico would host the tournament.[6][5] Women's football subsequently received significant television and media coverage in the build-up to the World Cup, something the game had never received to such an extent.[6][5]
Both FIFA and the Mexican Football Federation (FMF) objected to the tournament.[7][5][6] While FIFA apparently recognised the rising interest in the women's game, it still found the concept outrageous and refused to establish a Women's World Cup until women's football was fully "controlled by national associations."[5][7][6] Likewise, FMF refused to allow women's teams to utilise its fields and training facilities, with threats of fines of 25,000 pesos for doing so.[5][7] It is believed by El Heraldo de México that FIFA's objections were based around ensuring the men's teams remained the stars of the big stadiums, as this would protect its business interests compared to the largely unsanctioned women's football, which could have been completely influenced by promoters.[5]
Nevertheless, FIEFF continued its preparations, hosting several qualifying matches.[8][5] Despite not recognising the tournament, FIFA did recognise its first women's international match, a qualifier in June 1971 between France and the Netherlands.[9][8][5] France defeated the Netherlands 4-0 to qualify for the World Cup.[5][8] Meanwhile, England and Italy beat Austria 3-0 and 6-0 respectively, and Argentina qualified after Costa Rica withdrew to be the sole South American representatives in the tournament.[8] Czechoslovakia, Belgium, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and West Germany could not compete due to visa and cost issues, while attempts to get Brazil and Chile into the World Cup came to nothing.[5][8] England initially did not qualify as they were pitted in a group with Italy, losing 7-0 to them.[10][8] However, the withdrawal of other teams allowed them to gain a place.[8][5][7]
The 1971 Women's World Cup commenced from 15th August to 5th September.[8][5][4][6] It is declared by sources like the BBC as being the first instance where women's football truly reached the mainstream.[11][4][5][7] Thanks to sponsorship from Martini Rosso, and an intense marketing campaign which saw ramped television and print media coverage, resulted in the tournament attracting almost as much attention in Mexico as the men's 1970 World Cup.[12][5][4][7][11] For instance, the opening game between Mexico and Argentina drew at least 80,000, with some figures putting it closer to 100,000.[5][4][8] Other games frequently attracted over 20,000, with games featuring Mexico typically nearly selling out.[5][4][11][7][8]
The Final at Azteca Stadium drew a record audience for women's sport at 110,000.[4][5][12][7][11][8] For context, no men's or women's European Championship match has come close to that figure, with the record attendance for a European Championship game being the England-Germany EURO 2022 Final, which drew 87,192.[4] The Mexico matches also received fully live television coverage in colour, thanks to backing from Televisa’s Canal 2, who also covered the opening ceremony.[12][4] This was a sharp contrast for a period where women's football was barely even recognised in most countries.[4][12][7] Naturally, the coverage still retained gender and cultural norms of the era, with some reports focusing on the women's appearance and femininity, while others criticised the occasional brutality as unladylike.[12][4][5][11][7]
Despite this, the teams were treated as national superstars throughout the tournament.[4][5][11][12] It was a surreal experience for many, including the England side.[13][4][11][10] In England, the tournament barely received any coverage, and when it did, it was often in mocking fashion.[4][13][11][7] However, the England Lionesses were treated as stars in Mexico, receiving mass coverage, frequent requests for autographs and photographs, and appeared on live colour television by facing Mexico in the group stages.[4][13][10] Upon returning home, the team was temporarily banned by the Women's Football Association with manager Harry Batt banned for life for appearing in an unsanctioned tournament.[10][4][13][11]
Ultimately, while the 1971 Women's World Cup was a major success, momentum in the sport in Mexico plummeted by 1972.[5][4][7][11] Futbolera hypothesised that the FMF taking over the sport in 1971 resulted in few resources being allocated to it, in favour of reviving a struggling men's team and ensuring gender norms were respected.[5][12][7] The Mexico team's later withdrawn demand for 1-2 million pesos to compete in the Final also attracted derision, although it should be noted that Mexico and the other teams received little-to-no income for their matches.[5][12] FIFA also still refused to take the women's game seriously.[7] Thus, women's football generally remained stagnant worldwide, and only through belated investment by FIFA, UEFA and other continental football bodies has the game begun to receive more mainstream attention in recent years.[4][12][13][7] FIFA refuses to recognise the Final's attendance, declaring its 1999 World Cup Final as having the biggest ever crowd for women's match at 90,185.[4][13]
The Matches
The opening match saw Mexico play Argentina on 15th August in Group 1.[8] María Eugenia Rubio took the lead for the hosts after 21 minutes, but Argentina's Angélica Cardozo equalised 13 minutes later.[8] However, a 30th minute goal from Patricia Hernández and a second Rubio strike 54 minutes in sealed an opening victory for Mexico.[8] Argentina's Marta Soler later accused the referee of denying a legitimate goal for her team, with other accusations emerging the path to the Final for Mexico was rigged so that profits could be maximised.[14] Argentina then faced England on 21st August, with the South American side's Elva Selva taking the lead seven minutes in.[8][10] Janice Barton equalised after 13 minutes, but would later be sent off after temporarily leaving the pitch so she could remove her shin pads.[8][10] Considering this was England's star striker, it effectively reduced any chances of England progressing.[13][10] Three further goals from Selva in the 31st, 34th, and 71st minutes sealed the win for Argentina.[8][13][10] Two England players were severely injured, and ended up in casts.[14]
A day later, Mexico defeated England 4-0, with two goals coming from Teresa Aguilar, and one apiece by Eréndira Rangel and Elsa Huerta.[8][13][10] Mexico and Argentina qualified for the Semi-Finals, while England would contend the fifth place play-off.[8][13][10] However, Argentina's campaign was compromised when a bus crash resulted in eight of their players receiving injuries.[14]
In Group 2, defending champions Denmark faced France on 18th August.[15][8] Thanks to a goal from Susanne Augustesen, and two from Lis Lene Nielsen in the 32nd and 67th minutes, the Danes would dominate proceedings to win 3-0.[8][15] France faced Italy three days later, where a strike from Elena Schiavo 23 minutes in sealed the victory for the latter.[8][15] Because of this, Italy and Denmark had already qualified for the Semi-Finals, but would face each other in a 1970 Final rematch a day later.[8][15] Notably, Italy allowed Denmark to board their bus after the latter's broke down in a Mexican desert partway to the stadium.[15] Helene Østergaard Hansen took the lead for Denmark, but Claudia Avon levelled proceedings 43 minutes in.[8][15] Neither side broke the deadlock, resulting in a draw.[8][15]
Because of a better result against France, Denmark topped the group and would face Argentina, while Italy competed against Mexico.[8][15] France and England competed for fifth on 28th August, with the Lionesses nursing several injuries and even relying on local players to fill in spaces.[8][10][11][13] Notably, Gracia González became the only woman to referee a match at this tournament.[8] Meanwhile, Barton returned for England, taking the lead after 10 minutes.[8][13] Armelle Binard equalised two minutes later, but Barton put England back in front after 16 minutes.[8][13] However, goals from Jocelyne Henry and either Marie-Christine Tschopp or Paula Rayner 22 and 32 minutes in respectively secured a narrow victory for France.[8][13][10]
The same day, Denmark thrashed a weakened Argentina 5-0, courtesy of a hat-trick from L. Nielsen, a 53rd minute goal from H. Hansen, and a 64th minute strike by Annette Frederiksen.[8][14] In a 1970 Semi-Final rematch, Mexico would gain revenge on Italy by beating them 2-1.[8][15] The night prior, Mexico fans generated noise all night directed towards the hotel the Italians were sleeping in, compromising their performance and energy levels heading into the game.[14] Despite this, Carmela Varone had taken the lead for the Italians six minutes in, but the team proved over-aggressive, conceding a penalty almost immediately.[8][15] Hernández converted the penalty to level proceedings, before scoring another penalty after 24 minutes to take the lead.[8] From there, Mexico edged out Italy to reach the Final.[8][15]
Allegedly, the Italians were furious with their loss; they accused the referee of ending the match a few minutes prematurely over apparent fighting, with the referee also having sent off manager Giuseppe Cavicchi after 26 minutes.[8] Italy also claimed two goals of theirs were denied, again providing allegations of rigging the road to the Final in Mexico's favour.[14] The Italians smashed up their dressing room post-game in anger.[15] In the third place play-off, held on 4th September, Italy defeated Argentina 4-0 courtesy of a hat-trick from Elisabetta Vignotto and a 63rd minute goal from Schiavo.[8][15]
Finally, in front of around 110,000 at the Azteca Stadium, Mexico played Denmark on 5th September, the hosts deciding that the applause from the crowd would be better than receiving the 1-2 million pesos.[5][12][8][15] To avoid a repeat of the crowd noise incident, the Danish Embassy worked to find Danish residents who would be happy to welcome the Denmark team for an overnight stay.[14] Ultimately, possibly due to a lack of training, Mexico considerably underperformed compared to their previous three games, although they were noted to have improved by the second-half.[5][12] Thus, Denmark dominated play, winning 3-0 courtesy of a hat-trick from Susanne Augustesen.[8][15][4][5][12]
What is remarkable is that Augustesen almost never made it to the World Cup.[16] As she was only 15 during the tournament (with several other players also noted for being under 18, England's Leah Caleb being the youngest at 13), Augustesen needed her parents' permission to travel.[16][4][11][13][14] Despite concerns of missing several school weeks, she was allowed to travel, enabling her to win the tournament for her country.[17][16][14] Following Augustesen's third goal, the Danes received a standing ovation from the crowd, a rare occurrence at the Azteca.[4] Hence, Denmark defended their title, and received some fanfare upon the team's return to the country at the Copenhagen City Hall.[17] However, the Danish Football Association did not recognise the team's 1970 and 1971 accomplishments due to them not being FIFA-sanctioned, and like many other football bodies, was apathetic towards the development of women's football at the time.[15][17][4] It would not be until 1991 that FIFA created its own Women's World Cup.[18]
Availability
As previously mentioned, all four of Mexico's games were televised live nationally and in colour by Canal 2.[12][4][13] Ultimately, despite the tournament's popularity, very little footage of the games remain. Among clips include a 2:42 video of the Mexico-Argentina game uploaded by the Associated Press, and a few videos of the Final. The latter videos helps affirm the 110,000 figure was not exaggerated.[13] Aside from this, a few amateur shots of the large crowds have also resurfaced. No footage of Mexico's games against England and Italy, nor any of the other matches, is known to have survived.
Gallery
Videos
See Also
- 1899 FA Cup Final (lost footage of football match; 1899)
- 1903 FA Cup Final (lost footage of football match; 1903)
- 1937 FA Cup Final (partially found footage of football match; 1937)
- 1938 FA Cup Final (partially found footage of football match; 1938)
- 1939 FA Cup Final (partially found footage of football match; 1939)
- 1947 FA Cup Final (partially found footage of football match; 1947)
- 1948 FA Cup Final (partially found footage of football match; 1948)
- 1948 Summer Olympics (partially found television coverage of London Games; 1948)
- 1949 FA Cup Final (partially found footage of football match; 1949)
- 1950 FA Cup Final (partially found footage of football match; 1950)
- 1951 FA Cup Final (partially found footage of football match; 1951)
- 1952 Coupe de France Final (partially found footage of football match; 1952)
- 1952 FA Charity Shield (lost footage of football match; 1952)
- 1955 Scottish Cup Final (partially found footage of football match; 1955)
- 1956 Southern Junior Floodlight Cup Final (lost footage of football match; 1956)
- 1966 FIFA World Cup Final (partially found original colour film of international football match; 1966)
- 1967 FA Cup Final (partially found footage of football match; 1967)
- 1968 Football League Cup Final (partially found footage of football match; 1968)
- 1970 FA Cup Final Replay (partially found original ITV coverage of football match; 1970)
- 1971 WFA Cup Final (partially found footage of football match; 1971)
- 1973 WFA Cup Final (lost footage of football match; 1973)
- 1974 WFA Cup Final (lost footage of football match; 1974)
- 1976 WFA Cup Final (partially found footage of football match; 1976)
- 1977 WFA Cup Final (lost footage of football match; 1977)
- 1978 WFA Cup Final (lost footage of football match; 1978)
- 1979 WFA Cup Final (lost footage of football match; 1979)
- 1980 WFA Cup Final (lost footage of football match; 1980)
- 1981 WFA Cup Final (lost footage of football match; 1981)
- 1982 WFA Cup Final (lost footage of football match; 1982)
- 1985-1986 WFA Cup (lost list of entries for football tournament; 1985)
- A Football Match at Newcastle-on-Tyne (lost footage of football match; 1896)
- Arsenal 1-1 Sheffield United (lost radio commentary of football match; 1927)
- Arsenal 3-2 Everton (partially found footage of Football League First Division match; 1936)
- Arsenal 7-1 Hibernian (lost footage of charity football match; 1952)
- Arsenal vs Arsenal Reserves (lost footage of early BBC televised football match; 1937)
- Atlético Madrid 1-1 Real Madrid (lost footage of El Derbi Madrileño La Liga football match; 1958)
- Barbados 4–2 Grenada (partially found soccer match footage; 1994)
- Barnet 3-2 Wealdstone (lost footage of Athenian League football match; 1946)
- Bedford Town 1-2 Arsenal (partially found footage of FA Cup match; 1956)
- Blackpool 0-1 Bolton Wanderers (lost footage of Football League First Division match; 1960)
- Brazil 2-0 Italy (lost footage of international football match; 1956)
- Brian Clough's Football Fortunes (lost DOS port of football management game; 1987)
- Carlisle United 2-1 Plymouth Argyle (partially found footage of Football League Third Division match; 1999)
- Charlton Athletic 1-0 Blackburn Rovers (lost footage of FA Cup match; 1947)
- Chelsea 1-1 Burnley (partially found footage of FA Cup match; 1956)
- Chelsea 2-0 Sparta Prague (lost footage of international football match; 1957)
- Club América 0-4 Italy (lost footage of international football match; 1970)
- Corinthians 1-3 Newcastle United (lost radio coverage of FA Cup match; 1927)
- England 0-1 Scotland (partially found footage of international football match; 1938)
- England 1-0 Scotland (lost footage of Schools' International football match; 1952)
- England 1-1 Scotland (partially found footage of international football match; 1947)
- England 1-2 Scotland (lost footage of international football match; 1903)
- England 1-3 Scotland (partially found footage of international football match; 1949)
- England 2-0 Italy (partially found footage of international football match; 1949)
- England 2-1 Argentina (partially found footage of international football match; 1951)
- England 2-2 France (partially found footage of international football match; 1951)
- England 2-2 Yugoslavia (partially found footage of international football match; 1950)
- England 3-0 France (partially found footage of international football match; 1947)
- England 3-0 Rest of Europe (partially found footage of international football match; 1938)
- England 6-0 Switzerland (partially found footage of international football match; 1948)
- Falkirk 3-2 Newcastle United (lost footage of football match; 1953)
- FC St. Pauli 3-4 Hamborn 07 (lost footage of DFB-Pokal football match; 1952)
- FIFA Soccer 2002 (lost build of cancelled Game Boy Advance port of football game; existence unconfirmed; 2001-2002)
- France 3-1 West Germany (partially found footage of international football match; 1952)
- France 6-3 Belgium (partially found footage of FIFA World Cup qualifying match; 1956)
- Hallo! Bundesliga (lost GolTV series; mid 2000s-mid 2010s)
- Hamburger SV 4-3 Altona 93 (lost footage of Oberliga Nord football match; 1952)
- Hero to Zero (partially found BBC One children's football drama show; 2000)
- Juventus 1-7 A.C. Milan (partially found footage of Serie A football match; 1950)
- The Kaiser Conspiracy (lost unfinished Dermot Morgan novel; 1990s)
- Liverpool vs Sheffield United (lost footage of FA Cup Semi-Final matches; 1899)
- Lowestoft Town 3-0 AFC Hornchurch (partially found footage of Isthmian League Premier Division play-off final; 2014)
- Manchester United Championship Soccer (lost build of cancelled Sega Mega Drive port of football game; 1995)
- Mexico 2-0 Italy (lost footage of international football match; 1970)
- Miracle of the Magyars (lost Dermot Morgan screenplay of unmade football drama film; 1990s)
- National Professional Soccer League (partially found footage of soccer matches; 1967)
- Netherlands 0-0 Sweden (lost footage of international football match; 1952)
- Premier League All Stars (partially found Sky One charity football tournament; 2007)
- PSV Eindhoven 2-1 E.V.V. Eindhoven (lost footage of Netherlands Football League Championship match; 1950)
- Quiz Ball (partially found BBC One football-based quiz show; 1966-1972)
- Re-united (lost Dermot Morgan script of unmade football sitcom; 1990s)
- Real Madrid 1-0 Barcelona (partially found footage of El Clásico La Liga football match; 1959)
- Real Madrid 3-0 Racing Santander (lost footage of La Liga football match; 1954)
- San Lorenzo de Almagro 1-1 River Plate (lost footage of Argentine Primera División football match; 1951)
- Scotland 1-2 England (lost radio coverage of international football match; 1927)
- Scottish Universities 1-1 English Universities (lost footage of international football match; 1952)
- Serbia vs Albania (found footage of abandoned UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying match; 2014)
- Stade de Reims 2-1 FC Metz (partially found footage of French Division 1 football match; 1956)
- Turkey 1-2 Soviet Union (lost footage of 1962 FIFA World Cup qualifying match; 1961)
- United! (lost British soap opera; 1965-1967)
- Wales 1-1 England (partially found footage of international football match; 1951)
- Walthamstow Avenue 0-2 Queen's Park (lost footage of friendly football match; 1951)
- West Ham United 1-2 Tottenham Hotspur (partially found footage of FA Cup match; 1956)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 RSSSF detailing the results of the 1970 Women's World Cup. Retrieved 9th Dec '22
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Golditacco Aspillo detailing the 1970 Women's World Cup and its success (article in Italian). Retrieved 9th Dec '22
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 La Lazio al Femminile summarising the 1970 Women's World Cup and Mexico's strong performance in it (article in Italian). Retrieved 9th Dec '22
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 Common Goal detailing the strong media coverage which saw live television coverage of Mexico's matches, constant media reports, and record attendances for women's sport. Retrieved 9th Dec '22
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 Futbolera detailing Mexico winning hosting duties for the tournament, the significant media coverage the tournament received, and the fall of women's football in Mexico by 1972. Retrieved 9th Dec '22
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 The History of Women's Football detailing Mexico hosting the World Cup. Retrieved 9th Dec '22
- ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 Girls Soccer Network detailing the tournament's success in spite of FIFA and FMF objections. Retrieved 9th Dec '22
- ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.20 8.21 8.22 8.23 8.24 8.25 8.26 8.27 8.28 8.29 8.30 8.31 8.32 8.33 8.34 8.35 8.36 8.37 8.38 8.39 RSSSF detailing the results of qualifying and the final tournament. Retrieved 9th Dec '22
- ↑ FIFA declaring the France-Netherlands game as the first official women's international football match. Retrieved 9th Dec '22
- ↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 History of Soccer detailing England's time in the tournament and subsequent banning by the Women's Football Association. Retrieved 9th Dec '22
- ↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 BBC News declaring the 1971 Women's World Cup as the first time women's football really reached the top, also detailing England's appearances at the tournament. Retrieved 9th Dec '22
- ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 Sport in History chapter detailing the attendance figures and coverage provided by Canal 2, while also providing a detailed review of media coverage during the Cup. Retrieved 9th Dec '22
- ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 13.15 13.16 History Extra detailing the Cup, primarily focusing on England's time in the tournament. Retrieved 9th Dec '22
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 Women's Soccer: The Official History of the Unofficial World Cups providing a detailed account of the tournament, and various little-known facts about it. Retrieved 9th Dec '22
- ↑ 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 15.14 15.15 The Guardian detailing Denmark's road to the Final. Retrieved 9th Dec '22
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Mondial : Football Club Geopolitics summarising the tournament and Augustesen's success. Retrieved 9th Dec '22
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 BT detailing Augustesen's time in the tournament and scoring the hat-trick in the Final (article in Danish). Retrieved 9th Dec '22
- ↑ US Sport History detailing FIFA finally creating its own Women's World Cup, 20 years following the unofficial 1971 edition. Retrieved 22nd Feb '23