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The '''''1937 Wimbledon Championships''''' were the 57th instance of the Wimbledon Championships, a Grand Slam tennis tournament that took place from 21st June to 3rd July. Hosting five different events, the Championships saw Don Budge overcoming Gottfried von Cramm to win the Gentlemen's Singles, an Dorothy Round defeating Jadwiga Jędrzejowska to win the Ladies' Singles. A Round 1 event in the Gentlemen's Singles between George Lyttleton Rogers and Henry "Bunny" Austin made television history, for not only being the '''first instance of televised tennis''', but also the '''first live sport on British television'''.<ref>[https://www.teletronic.co.uk/pages/history_of_the_bbc.html ''Teletronic'' crediting the 1937 Wimbledon Championships as the first televised live major sporting event.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref>
The '''''1937 Wimbledon Championships''''' were the 57th instance of the Wimbledon Championships, a Grand Slam tennis tournament that took place from June 21st to July 3rd. Hosting five different events, the Championships saw Don Budge overcoming Gottfried von Cramm to win the Gentlemen's Singles, an Dorothy Round defeating Jadwiga Jędrzejowska to win the Ladies' Singles. A Round 1 event in the Gentlemen's Singles between George Lyttleton Rogers and Henry "Bunny" Austin made television history, for being the '''first instance of televised tennis'''<ref>[https://teletronic.co.uk/pages/history_of_the_bbc.html ''Teletronic'' crediting the 1937 Wimbledon Championships as the first televised live tennis event.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref>


==Background==
==Background==
Heading into the 1937 Wimbledon Championships, Fred Perry was the latest Gentlemen's Singles champion, having won his third consecutive Wimbledon Final in 1936 by beating Gottfried von Cramm 6–1, 6–1, 6–0.<ref>[https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/aboutwimbledon/history_1930s.html ''Wimbledon'' discussing Fred Perry's 1936 win.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> Meanwhile, Helen Jacobs was the defending Ladies' Singles champion, winning her fifth Wimbledon title by beating Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling 6–2, 4–6, 7–5 in the 1936 Final.<ref>[https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2017-05-26/from_the_archive_remembering_helen_jacobs.html ''Wimbledon'' discussing Helen Jacobs' 1936 win.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> Additionally, the Gentlemen's Doubles (Pat Hughes and Raymond Tuckey), Ladies' Doubles (Freda James and Kay Stammers), and Mixed Doubles (Fred Perry and Dorothy Round), were also set to be contended at the event. A Triple Crown was therefore possible, by winning the gender-specific Singles and Doubles, combined with the Mixed Doubles.
Heading into the 1937 Wimbledon Championships, Fred Perry was the latest Gentlemen's Singles champion, having won his third consecutive Wimbledon Final in 1936 by beating Gottfried von Cramm 6–1, 6–1, 6–0.<ref>[https://wimbledon.com/en_GB/aboutwimbledon/history_1930s.html ''Wimbledon'' discussing Fred Perry's 1936 win.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> Meanwhile, Helen Jacobs was the defending Ladies' Singles champion, winning her fifth Wimbledon title by beating Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling 6–2, 4–6, 7–5 in the 1936 Final.<ref>[https://wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2017-05-26/from_the_archive_remembering_helen_jacobs.html ''Wimbledon'' discussing Helen Jacobs' 1936 win.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> Additionally, the Gentlemen's Doubles (Pat Hughes and Raymond Tuckey), Ladies' Doubles (Freda James and Kay Stammers), and Mixed Doubles (Fred Perry and Dorothy Round), were also set to be contended at the event. A Triple Crown was therefore possible, by winning the gender-specific Singles and Doubles, combined with the Mixed Doubles.


During this time period, the BBC were looking to broadcast various sporting events for its relatively new Television Service, including tennis, football, rugby and cricket. The 1937 Wimbledon Championships would prove to be an attractive proposition for a television broadcast, because of the success Perry achieved in the previous three Championships, which had reignited home interest. While Perry would not be defending his title that year, having gone professional and cutting ties with the class-based International Lawn Tennis Club of Great Britain,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8126053.stm ''BBC News'' detailing Fred Perry becoming professional and leaving the International Lawn Tennis Club of Great Britain, meaning he did not defend his title.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> the fact 65 of the 128 competing men were British, as well as 75 of 97 women, would theoretically entice viewers to watch the event. British hopes were generally behind Bunny Austin, the only seeded Briton of eight seeds, who had reached the final of the 1932 Wimbledon in a losing effort to Ellsworth Vines.<ref>[https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2017-06-21/2017-06-21_the_first_televised_championships.html ''Wimbledon'' discussing televising the 1937 Wimbledon Championships, including the hype surrounded by Fred Perry's three consecutive Wimbledon wins and Bunny Austin.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref>  
During this time period, the BBC were looking to broadcast various sporting events for its relatively new Television Service, including tennis, football, rugby and cricket. The 1937 Wimbledon Championships would prove to be an attractive proposition for a television broadcast, because of the success Perry achieved in the previous three Championships, which had reignited home interest. While Perry would not be defending his title that year, having gone professional and cutting ties with the class-based International Lawn Tennis Club of Great Britain,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8126053.stm ''BBC News'' detailing Fred Perry becoming professional and leaving the International Lawn Tennis Club of Great Britain, meaning he did not defend his title.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> the fact 65 of the 128 competing men were British, as well as 75 of 97 women, would theoretically entice viewers to watch the event. British hopes were generally behind Bunny Austin, the only seeded Briton of eight seeds, who had reached the final of the 1932 Wimbledon in a losing effort to Ellsworth Vines.<ref>[https://wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2017-06-21/2017-06-21_the_first_televised_championships.html ''Wimbledon'' discussing televising the 1937 Wimbledon Championships, including the hype surrounded by Fred Perry's three consecutive Wimbledon wins and Bunny Austin.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref>  


Broadcasting the 1937 Wimbledon Championships had its challenges for BBC Television Service. While the BBC had successfully produced radio coverage of Wimbledon Championships since 1927, the logistics of televising the matches were significantly greater. It required three outside broadcasts vans; one containing Emitron cameras that would exclusively capture from the Centre Court, one containing a transmitter, and another containing a generator needed to allow for transmission of the event.<ref>[https://www.electronicworldtv.co.uk/blog/80-years-of-wimbledon-and-the-bbc ''Electronic World'' discussing the vans needed to broadcast the 1937 Wimbledon Championships.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> According to ''Radio Times'' issues, the microphones needed to be positioned in such a way that they could properly capture sound, but were also not prone to being invasive to the action, nor be affected by the elements like sun and rain.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/historyofthebbc/anniversaries/june/wimbledon-first-televised ''BBC'' discussing the motivation and challenges of broadcasting the 1937 Wimbledon Championships.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref>  
Broadcasting the 1937 Wimbledon Championships had its challenges for BBC Television Service. While the BBC had successfully produced radio coverage of the Wimbledon Championships since 1927, the logistics of televising the matches were significantly greater. It required three outside broadcast vans; one containing Emitron cameras that would exclusively capture from the Centre Court, one containing a transmitter, and another containing a generator needed to allow for transmission of the event.<ref>[https://electronicworldtv.co.uk/blog/80-years-of-wimbledon-and-the-bbc ''Electronic World'' discussing the vans needed to broadcast the 1937 Wimbledon Championships.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> According to ''Radio Times'' issues, the microphones needed to be positioned in such a way that they could properly capture sound, but were also not prone to being invasive to the action, nor be affected by the elements like sun and rain.<ref>[https://bbc.com/historyofthebbc/anniversaries/june/wimbledon-first-televised ''BBC'' discussing the motivation and challenges of broadcasting the 1937 Wimbledon Championships.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref>  


Such were the concerns a television broadcast as ambitious as this would fail, no ''Radio Times'' issue listed when any coverage of the event would occur, with the assumption that this "experimental" broadcast would be taken off-air should it fail. Nevertheless, an illustration was provided in one issue, stating how transmissions would be connected via radio link, with commentary by F.H. Grisewood and John Snagge.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/historyofthebbc/research/wimbledon-and-the-bbc/ ''BBC'' discussing the concerns surrounding broadcasting the 1937 Wimbledon Championships, and providing the ''Radio Times'' illustration.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref>
Such were the concerns a television broadcast as ambitious as this would fail, no ''Radio Times'' issue listed when any coverage of the event would occur, with the assumption that this "experimental" broadcast would be taken off-air should it fail. Nevertheless, an illustration was provided in one issue, stating how transmissions would be connected via radio link, with commentary by F.H. Grisewood and John Snagge.<ref>[https://bbc.com/historyofthebbc/research/wimbledon-and-the-bbc/ ''BBC'' discussing the concerns surrounding broadcasting the 1937 Wimbledon Championships, and providing the ''Radio Times'' illustration.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref>


==The Events==
==The Events==
Despite the concerns, broadcasting of the 1937 Wimbledon Championships was a success, broadcasting 30 minutes per day with cameras positioned at the South East and North West of the court. The first match shown on television was between Bunny Austin and George Lyttleton Rogers.<ref>[https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2015-02-05/20150205_throwback_thursday_the_first_wimbledon_on_television.html ''Wimbledon'' detailing 1937 coverage and crediting the Bunny Austin and George Lyttleton Rogers game as the first to be televised.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> Although Rogers' huge serve, combined with his 6ft 6in height did trouble Austin, the Briton ultimately overcame the Irishman 3-6, 8-6, 6-1, 6-2. Austin would go on to reach the Semi-Finals, where he would lose to Gottfried Von Cramm 8-6, 6-3, 12-14, 6-1. Von Cramm would face Don Budge, the latter winning 6–3, 6–4, 6–2 to claim the Gentlemen's Singles Championship.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170524030439/http://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/roll_of_honour/gentlemenssingles.html List of Gentlemen's Singles Championship winners, listing Don Budge's 1937 victory.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> Budge achieved his first of three Triple Crowns, teaming alongside Gene Mako to win the Men's Doubles from Pat Hughes and Raymond Tuckey, 6–0, 6–4, 6–8, 6-1;<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170702184820/http://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/roll_of_honour/gentlemensdoubles.html List of Gentlemen's Doubles Championship winners, listing Don Budge and Gene Mako's 1937 victory.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> and Alice Marble to beat Yvon Petra and Simonne Mathieu, 6–4, 6–1 to win the Mixed Doubles.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170702192525/http://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/roll_of_honour/mixeddoubles.html List of Mixed Doubles Championship winners, listing Don Budge and Alice Marble's 1937 victory.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> He is the only man in history to have won a Triple Crown three times, and also would repeat the feat in 1938, and in the 1938 US Open, thus winning two Triple Crowns in one year.<ref>[https://www.tennisplanet.me/blog/2021/07/triple-crown-slams-the-triple-crown-refers-to-winning-the-singles-doubles-and-mixed-doubles-titles-a.html ''Tennis Planet'' crediting Don Budge as the only three-time Triple Crown winner, and for winning two Triple Crowns in one year.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref>
Despite the concerns, broadcasting of the 1937 Wimbledon Championships was a success, broadcasting 30 minutes per day with cameras positioned at the South East and North West of the court. The first match shown on television was between Bunny Austin and George Lyttleton Rogers.<ref>[https://wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2015-02-05/20150205_throwback_thursday_the_first_wimbledon_on_television.html ''Wimbledon'' detailing 1937 coverage and crediting the Bunny Austin and George Lyttleton Rogers game as the first to be televised.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> Although Rogers' huge serve, combined with his 6ft 6in height did trouble Austin, the Briton ultimately overcame the Irishman 3-6, 8-6, 6-1, 6-2. Austin would go on to reach the Semi-Finals, where he would lose to Gottfried Von Cramm 8-6, 6-3, 12-14, 6-1. Von Cramm would face Don Budge, the latter winning 6–3, 6–4, 6–2 to claim the Gentlemen's Singles Championship.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170524030439/http://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/roll_of_honour/gentlemenssingles.html List of Gentlemen's Singles Championship winners, listing Don Budge's 1937 victory.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> Budge achieved his first of three Triple Crowns, teaming alongside Gene Mako to win the Men's Doubles from Pat Hughes and Raymond Tuckey, 6–0, 6–4, 6–8, 6-1;<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170702184820/http://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/roll_of_honour/gentlemensdoubles.html List of Gentlemen's Doubles Championship winners, listing Don Budge and Gene Mako's 1937 victory.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> and Alice Marble to beat Yvon Petra and Simonne Mathieu, 6–4, 6–1 to win the Mixed Doubles.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170702192525/http://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/roll_of_honour/mixeddoubles.html List of Mixed Doubles Championship winners, listing Don Budge and Alice Marble's 1937 victory.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> He is the only man in history to have won a Triple Crown three times, and also would repeat the feat in 1938, and in the 1938 US Open, thus winning two Triple Crowns in one year.<ref>[https://www.tennisplanet.me/blog/2021/07/triple-crown-slams-the-triple-crown-refers-to-winning-the-singles-doubles-and-mixed-doubles-titles-a.html ''Tennis Planet'' crediting Don Budge as the only three-time Triple Crown winner, and for winning two Triple Crowns in one year.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref>


Meanwhile, Dorothy Round defeated Jadwiga Jędrzejowska 6–2, 2–6, 7–5 to claim the Ladies' Singles. This would her third and final Wimbledon title, having previously won the event in 1933 and 1934, while also being the last Briton to have won this Championship until 1961.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170623224256/http://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/roll_of_honour/ladiessingles.html List of Ladies' Singles Championship winners, listing Dorothy Round's 1937 win among others.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> Finally, Mathieu overcame the disappointment of losing the Mixed Doubles, by teaming with Billie Yorke to beat Phyllis King and Elsie Pittman 6–3, 6–3 to win the Women's Doubles.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170702170934/http://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/roll_of_honour/ladiesdoubles.html List of Ladies' Doubles Championship winners, listing Simonne Mathieu and Billie Yorke's 1937 win.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref>
Meanwhile, Dorothy Round defeated Jadwiga Jędrzejowska 6–2, 2–6, 7–5 to claim the Ladies' Singles. This would her third and final Wimbledon title, having previously won the event in 1933 and 1934, while also being the last Briton to have won this Championship until 1961.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170623224256/http://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/roll_of_honour/ladiessingles.html List of Ladies' Singles Championship winners, listing Dorothy Round's 1937 win among others.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> Finally, Mathieu overcame the disappointment of losing the Mixed Doubles, by teaming with Billie Yorke to beat Phyllis King and Elsie Pittman 6–3, 6–3 to win the Women's Doubles.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170702170934/http://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/roll_of_honour/ladiesdoubles.html List of Ladies' Doubles Championship winners, listing Simonne Mathieu and Billie Yorke's 1937 win.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref>


==Reception==
==Reception==
A number of reviewers from magazines and newspapers provided insights into the quality of the television broadcasts. Two cameras would be used, one showcasing a general view of the game, the other for close-ups. The latter proved crucial in disrupting coverage of the tournament, as the presence of Queen Mary entering the Royal Box during the Austin-Rogers game led to coverage swiftly being altered. The camera capturing what may have been her second appearance on television, the first being according to ''The Manchester Guardian'' a distant view of her during the Coronation of George VI.<ref>''Manchester Guardian'' newspaper detailing the Queen Mary coverage. Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref>
A number of reviewers from magazines and newspapers provided insights into the quality of the television broadcasts. Two cameras would be used, one showcasing a general view of the game, the other for close-ups. The latter proved crucial in disrupting coverage of the tournament, as the presence of Queen Mary entering the Royal Box during the Austin-Rogers game led to coverage swiftly being altered. The camera captures what may have been her second appearance on television, the first being according to ''The Manchester Guardian'' a distant view of her during the Coronation of George VI.<ref>''Manchester Guardian'' newspaper detailing the Queen Mary coverage. Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref>


Overall, reception of the 1937 Wimbledon broadcasts proved relatively positive, and optimistic for the future. A review by ''The Listener'' used newsreel footage to compare the quality of the television broadcasts. The review stated that although the ball itself could barely be seen, it proved relatively easy for viewers to watch the games as strokes and movements from the court allowed viewers to become accustomed to the footage. It also praised the fact that footage exclusively came from the Centre Court, thus allowing for viewers to focus on the progress of a single game at a time that newsreels often prevented by continually switching about from each player. The review concluded by praising the close-up camera footage, which allowed for capturing of the serving players, the scoreboard, and of notable moments like Queen Mary entering the Royal Box.<ref>''Listener'' review of the 1937 Wimbledon coverage. Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref>
Overall, the reception of the 1937 Wimbledon broadcasts proved relatively positive, and optimistic for the future. A review by ''The Listener'' used newsreel footage to compare the quality of the television broadcasts. The review stated that although the ball itself could barely be seen, it proved relatively easy for viewers to watch the games as strokes and movements from the court allowed viewers to become accustomed to the footage. It also praised the fact that footage exclusively came from the Centre Court, thus allowing for viewers to focus on the progress of a single game at a time that newsreels often prevented by continually switching about from each player. The review concluded by praising the close-up camera footage, which allowed for capturing of the serving players, the scoreboard, and of notable moments like Queen Mary entering the Royal Box.<ref>''Listener'' review of the 1937 Wimbledon coverage. Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref>


Meanwhile, when promoting coverage of the 1937 International Lawn Tennis Challenge, Director of Television Gerald Cock in issue 720 of ''Radio Times'' also praised the Wimbledon coverage, stating how fascination and the future of television would be based on how sports could be shown live, capturing actuality that newsreel footage simply could not.<ref>[https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/c987cfdc51e642cf8d4ee23835527f25 Issue 720 of ''Radio Times'' containing Gerald Cock's optimism concerning televising sport.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> An August issue of ''Radio Times'' also highlighted that a television mobile control was used for the broadcasting of the tennis, and had only previously been used for the Coronation. It in fact proved to be the tougher of the events to transmit, because of the lack of direct supply of electricity and linking an underground cable from Wimbledon to Alexandra Palace, which required the need for transmitter and generator vans to rectify the issues. Further still, the coverage was the first ever to utilise a complete radio link,<ref>[https://www.illuminationsmedia.co.uk/wimbledon-before-the-war/ ''Illumination Media'' discussing televising the 1937 Wimbledon Championships, and providing the ''Radio Times'' quote discussing the challenges surrounding it.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> something that would prove crucial for other early television coverage of sports, rugby for example.<ref>[https://www.espn.co.uk/rugby/story/_/id/22792572/england-scotland-served-spectacular-calcutta-cup-usher-tv-era ''ESPN'' article showing the importance of radio links unveiled during the 1937 Wimbledon Championships, something crucial for broadcasting other sports, including rugby.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref>  
Meanwhile, when promoting coverage of the 1937 International Lawn Tennis Challenge, Director of Television Gerald Cock in issue 720 of ''Radio Times'' also praised the Wimbledon coverage, stating how fascination and the future of television would be based on how sports could be shown live, capturing actuality that newsreel footage simply could not.<ref>[https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/c987cfdc51e642cf8d4ee23835527f25 Issue 720 of ''Radio Times'' containing Gerald Cock's optimism concerning televising sport.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> An August issue of ''Radio Times'' also highlighted that a television mobile control was used for the broadcasting of the tennis, and had only previously been used for the Coronation. It in fact proved to be the tougher of the events to transmit, because of the lack of direct supply of electricity and linking an underground cable from Wimbledon to Alexandra Palace, which required the need for transmitter and generator vans to rectify the issues. Further still, the coverage was the first ever to utilise a complete radio link,<ref>[https://illuminationsmedia.co.uk/wimbledon-before-the-war/ ''Illumination Media'' discussing televising the 1937 Wimbledon Championships, and providing the ''Radio Times'' quote discussing the challenges surrounding it.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> something that would prove crucial for other early television coverage of sports, rugby for example.<ref>[https://espn.co.uk/rugby/story/_/id/22792572/england-scotland-served-spectacular-calcutta-cup-usher-tv-era ''ESPN'' article showing the importance of radio links unveiled during the 1937 Wimbledon Championships, something crucial for broadcasting other sports, including rugby.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref>  


''The Daily Telegraph'' praised the quality of the broadcast, stating how not only was it easy to observe player movement, but also to even see the lawnmower marks over the grass.<ref>''Daily Telegraph'' review of the broadcasts. Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> Meanwhile, in his book ''Behind the Scenes at Wimbledon'', Lieutenant-Colonel Duncan Macauley, an assistant referee and secretary of the All England Club, briefly mentioned how the experimental broadcasts would lead to millions being able to watch tennis in the future.<ref>''Behind the Scenes at Wimbledon'' briefly discussing televising the 1937 Wimbledon Championships. Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> Indeed, the success of televising the 1937 Wimbledon Championships led to the BBC televising other tennis events like the International Lawn Tennis Challenge that same year, and the 1938 Wimbledon Championships. Wimbledon remains as one of the BBC's most prestigious sports programming, and will be still broadcast by the corporation until at least 2027.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/jul/09/bbc-contract-broadcast-wimbledon-extended-2027 ''Guardian'' article reporting on the BBC broadcasting Wimbledon until at least 2027.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref>
''The Daily Telegraph'' praised the quality of the broadcast, stating how not only was it easy to observe player movement, but also to even see the lawnmower marks over the grass.<ref>''Daily Telegraph'' review of the broadcasts. Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> Meanwhile, in his book ''Behind the Scenes at Wimbledon'', Lieutenant-Colonel Duncan Macauley, an assistant referee and secretary of the All England Club, briefly mentioned how the experimental broadcasts would lead to millions being able to watch tennis in the future.<ref>''Behind the Scenes at Wimbledon'' briefly discussing televising the 1937 Wimbledon Championships. Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref> Indeed, the success of televising the 1937 Wimbledon Championships led to the BBC televising other tennis events like the International Lawn Tennis Challenge that same year, and the 1938 Wimbledon Championships. Wimbledon remains as one of the BBC's most prestigious sports programming and will be still broadcast by the corporation until at least 2027.<ref>[https://theguardian.com/media/2021/jul/09/bbc-contract-broadcast-wimbledon-extended-2027 ''Guardian'' article reporting on the BBC broadcasting Wimbledon until at least 2027.] Retrieved 27 Sep '21</ref>


==Availability==
==Availability==
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==See Also==
==See Also==
===Early BBC Sports Television===
*[[1931 Epsom Derby (lost televised footage of horse racing event; 1931)]]
*[[1931 Epsom Derby (lost televised footage of horse racing event; 1931)]]
*[[1934 Philo T. Farnsworth broadcasts (lost early television demonstrations; 1934)]]
*[[1936 Summer Olympics (lost television coverage of Berlin Games; 1936)]]
*[[1937 FA Cup Final (partially found footage of football match; 1937)]]
*[[1937 FA Cup Final (partially found footage of football match; 1937)]]
*[[1937 International Imperial Trophy Race (lost footage of motor race; 1937)]]
*[[1937 International Imperial Trophy Race (lost footage of motor race; 1937)]]
*[[1938 Ashes Series (partially found footage of international test cricket match; 1938)]]
*[[1938 Ashes Series (partially found footage of international test cricket match; 1938)]]
*[[1938 FA Cup Final (partially found footage of football match; 1938)]]
*[[1938 FA Cup Final (partially found footage of football match; 1938)]]
*[[1938 Pennsylvania Quakers football season (lost early televised college football games; 1938)]]
*[[1939 FA Cup Final (partially found footage of football match; 1939)]]
*[[1939 FA Cup Final (partially found footage of football match; 1939)]]
*[[1947 FA Cup Final (partially found footage of football match; 1947)]]
*[[1953 British Grand Prix (partially found footage of Formula One race; 1953)]]
*[[1953 British Grand Prix (partially found footage of Formula One race; 1953)]]
*[[1955 Scottish Cup Final (partially found footage of football match; 1955)]]
*[[Archery (lost early televised toxophily; 1937-1938)]]
*[[Arsenal 7-1 Hibernian (lost footage of charity football match; 1952)]]
*[[Arsenal vs Arsenal Reserves (lost footage of early BBC televised football match; 1937)]]
*[[Barnet 3-2 Wealdstone (lost footage of Athenian League football match; 1946)]]
*[[The Boat Race 1938 (partially found footage of rowing race; 1938)]]
*[[Catch-As-Catch-Can Wrestling (lost early BBC televised professional wrestling matches; 1938-1939; 1946-1947)]]
*[[Charlton Athletic 1-0 Blackburn Rovers (lost footage of FA Cup match; 1947)]]
*[[Darts and Shove Ha'penny (lost early BBC televised darts matches; 1936-1939)]]
*[[England 0-1 Scotland (partially found international football match; 1938)]]
*[[England 1-1 Scotland (partially found footage of international football match; 1947)]]
*[[England 16-21 Scotland (partially found footage of rugby match; 1938)]]
*[[England 3-0 France (partially found footage of international football match; 1947)]]
*[[England 3-0 Rest of Europe (partially found footage of international football match; 1938)]]
*[[Falkirk 3-2 Newcastle United (lost footage of football match; 1953)]]
*[[Horace Lindrum vs Willie Smith (lost footage of televised snooker; 1937)]]
*[[Scottish Universities 1-1 English Universities (lost footage of international football match; 1952)]]
*[[Woods and Jack (lost early televised lawn bowls; 1937; 1946)]]
===Early BBC Television===
*[[Alexandra Palace's wartime television demonstrations (lost footage of private television transmissions; 1943, 1945)]]
*[[An Inspector Calls (lost television adaptation of play; 1948)]]
*[[Ann and Harold (lost early BBC drama television series; 1938)]]
*[[BBC Election Night (lost coverage of British general elections; 1950-1951)]]
*[[The Care of Your Car (lost early BBC motoring show; 1947)]]
*[[Cook's Night Out (lost early BBC cooking show; 1937)]]
*[[Craftsmen at Work (lost early BBC documentary show; 1938, 1946)]]
*[[Dish of the Month (lost early BBC cooking show; 1937)]]
*[[First Aid (lost early BBC medical show; 1937)]]
*[[Foundations of Cookery (lost early BBC cooking show; 1939)]]
*[[Marcel Boulestin television shorts (lost early BBC programs; 1937-1939)]]
*[[Masks through the Ages (lost early BBC history talk show; 1937)]]
*[[Opening of the BBC Television Service (partially found coverage of inaugural day of high-definition television service; 1936)]]
*[[The Orchestra and its Instruments (lost early BBC music talk show; 1937)]]
*[[RCA recording of BBC Television Service (found footage of pre-Second World War BBC television broadcast; 1938)]]
*[[Sea Stories (lost early BBC talk show; 1936-1937)]]
*[[Spelling Bee (lost early BBC game show; 1938)]]
*[[Telecrime (lost early BBC crime drama; 1938-1939; 1946)]]
*[[The Wasp's Nest (lost early BBC television adaptation of Agatha Christie short story; 1937)]]
*[[Weaponless Self-Defence (lost early ju-jitsu television program; 1936-1937)]]
*[[The World of Women (lost early BBC talk show; 1937)]]
===Early Sports Television Media===
*[[1934 Philo T. Farnsworth broadcasts (lost early television demonstrations; 1934)]]
*[[1936 Summer Olympics (lost television coverage of Berlin Games; 1936)]]
*[[1938 Pennsylvania Quakers football season (lost early televised college football games; 1938)]]
*[[1960 Daytona Races (lost CBS and NBC televised footage of NASCAR prelude events to Daytona 500; 1960)]]
*[[1960 Daytona Races (lost CBS and NBC televised footage of NASCAR prelude events to Daytona 500; 1960)]]
*[[Arsenal vs Arsenal Reserves (lost footage of early BBC televised football match; 1937)]]
*[[Bill Longson vs Whipper Billy Watson (lost footage of professional wrestling match; 1947)]]
*[[Brooklyn Dodgers 2-5 6-1 Cincinnati Reds (lost footage of MLB doubleheader; 1939)]]
*[[Brooklyn Dodgers 2-5 6-1 Cincinnati Reds (lost footage of MLB doubleheader; 1939)]]
*[[Brooklyn Dodgers 23-14 Philadelphia Eagles (lost footage of NFL game; 1939)]]
*[[Brooklyn Dodgers 23-14 Philadelphia Eagles (lost footage of NFL game; 1939)]]
*[[Catch-As-Catch-Can Wrestling (lost early BBC televised professional wrestling matches; 1938-1939; 1946-1947)]]
*[[Columbia Lions 1-2 Princeton Tigers (partially found footage of college baseball game; 1939)]]
*[[Columbia Lions 1-2 Princeton Tigers (partially found footage of college baseball game; 1939)]]
*[[England 0-1 Scotland (partially found international football match; 1938)]]
*[[England 16-21 Scotland (partially found footage of rugby match; 1938)]]
*[[Fordham Rams 34-7 Waynesburg Yellow Jackets (lost footage of college football game; 1939)]]
*[[Fordham Rams 34-7 Waynesburg Yellow Jackets (lost footage of college football game; 1939)]]
*[[Indianapolis 500 WFBM-TV Broadcasts (lost racing footage; 1949-1950)]]
*[[Indianapolis 500 WFBM-TV Broadcasts (lost racing footage; 1949-1950)]]
*[[The Boat Race 1938 (partially found footage of rowing race; 1938)]]


==External Link==
==External Link==
*[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3770700/ IMDB page for Wimbledon coverage.]
*[https://imdb.com/title/tt3770700/ IMDB page for Wimbledon coverage.]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Lost recordings of real incidents]]
[[Category:Lost recordings of sports events]]
[[Category:Lost TV]]
[[Category:Partially found media]]
[[Category:Partially found media]]
[[Category:Historic]]
[[Category:Historic]]

Latest revision as of 21:23, 24 January 2023

1937wimbledon1.jpg

Off-screen photograph showing television coverage of the 1937 Wimbledon Championships from the viewer's perspective.

Status: Partially Found

The 1937 Wimbledon Championships were the 57th instance of the Wimbledon Championships, a Grand Slam tennis tournament that took place from June 21st to July 3rd. Hosting five different events, the Championships saw Don Budge overcoming Gottfried von Cramm to win the Gentlemen's Singles, an Dorothy Round defeating Jadwiga Jędrzejowska to win the Ladies' Singles. A Round 1 event in the Gentlemen's Singles between George Lyttleton Rogers and Henry "Bunny" Austin made television history, for being the first instance of televised tennis[1]

Background

Heading into the 1937 Wimbledon Championships, Fred Perry was the latest Gentlemen's Singles champion, having won his third consecutive Wimbledon Final in 1936 by beating Gottfried von Cramm 6–1, 6–1, 6–0.[2] Meanwhile, Helen Jacobs was the defending Ladies' Singles champion, winning her fifth Wimbledon title by beating Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling 6–2, 4–6, 7–5 in the 1936 Final.[3] Additionally, the Gentlemen's Doubles (Pat Hughes and Raymond Tuckey), Ladies' Doubles (Freda James and Kay Stammers), and Mixed Doubles (Fred Perry and Dorothy Round), were also set to be contended at the event. A Triple Crown was therefore possible, by winning the gender-specific Singles and Doubles, combined with the Mixed Doubles.

During this time period, the BBC were looking to broadcast various sporting events for its relatively new Television Service, including tennis, football, rugby and cricket. The 1937 Wimbledon Championships would prove to be an attractive proposition for a television broadcast, because of the success Perry achieved in the previous three Championships, which had reignited home interest. While Perry would not be defending his title that year, having gone professional and cutting ties with the class-based International Lawn Tennis Club of Great Britain,[4] the fact 65 of the 128 competing men were British, as well as 75 of 97 women, would theoretically entice viewers to watch the event. British hopes were generally behind Bunny Austin, the only seeded Briton of eight seeds, who had reached the final of the 1932 Wimbledon in a losing effort to Ellsworth Vines.[5]

Broadcasting the 1937 Wimbledon Championships had its challenges for BBC Television Service. While the BBC had successfully produced radio coverage of the Wimbledon Championships since 1927, the logistics of televising the matches were significantly greater. It required three outside broadcast vans; one containing Emitron cameras that would exclusively capture from the Centre Court, one containing a transmitter, and another containing a generator needed to allow for transmission of the event.[6] According to Radio Times issues, the microphones needed to be positioned in such a way that they could properly capture sound, but were also not prone to being invasive to the action, nor be affected by the elements like sun and rain.[7]

Such were the concerns a television broadcast as ambitious as this would fail, no Radio Times issue listed when any coverage of the event would occur, with the assumption that this "experimental" broadcast would be taken off-air should it fail. Nevertheless, an illustration was provided in one issue, stating how transmissions would be connected via radio link, with commentary by F.H. Grisewood and John Snagge.[8]

The Events

Despite the concerns, broadcasting of the 1937 Wimbledon Championships was a success, broadcasting 30 minutes per day with cameras positioned at the South East and North West of the court. The first match shown on television was between Bunny Austin and George Lyttleton Rogers.[9] Although Rogers' huge serve, combined with his 6ft 6in height did trouble Austin, the Briton ultimately overcame the Irishman 3-6, 8-6, 6-1, 6-2. Austin would go on to reach the Semi-Finals, where he would lose to Gottfried Von Cramm 8-6, 6-3, 12-14, 6-1. Von Cramm would face Don Budge, the latter winning 6–3, 6–4, 6–2 to claim the Gentlemen's Singles Championship.[10] Budge achieved his first of three Triple Crowns, teaming alongside Gene Mako to win the Men's Doubles from Pat Hughes and Raymond Tuckey, 6–0, 6–4, 6–8, 6-1;[11] and Alice Marble to beat Yvon Petra and Simonne Mathieu, 6–4, 6–1 to win the Mixed Doubles.[12] He is the only man in history to have won a Triple Crown three times, and also would repeat the feat in 1938, and in the 1938 US Open, thus winning two Triple Crowns in one year.[13]

Meanwhile, Dorothy Round defeated Jadwiga Jędrzejowska 6–2, 2–6, 7–5 to claim the Ladies' Singles. This would her third and final Wimbledon title, having previously won the event in 1933 and 1934, while also being the last Briton to have won this Championship until 1961.[14] Finally, Mathieu overcame the disappointment of losing the Mixed Doubles, by teaming with Billie Yorke to beat Phyllis King and Elsie Pittman 6–3, 6–3 to win the Women's Doubles.[15]

Reception

A number of reviewers from magazines and newspapers provided insights into the quality of the television broadcasts. Two cameras would be used, one showcasing a general view of the game, the other for close-ups. The latter proved crucial in disrupting coverage of the tournament, as the presence of Queen Mary entering the Royal Box during the Austin-Rogers game led to coverage swiftly being altered. The camera captures what may have been her second appearance on television, the first being according to The Manchester Guardian a distant view of her during the Coronation of George VI.[16]

Overall, the reception of the 1937 Wimbledon broadcasts proved relatively positive, and optimistic for the future. A review by The Listener used newsreel footage to compare the quality of the television broadcasts. The review stated that although the ball itself could barely be seen, it proved relatively easy for viewers to watch the games as strokes and movements from the court allowed viewers to become accustomed to the footage. It also praised the fact that footage exclusively came from the Centre Court, thus allowing for viewers to focus on the progress of a single game at a time that newsreels often prevented by continually switching about from each player. The review concluded by praising the close-up camera footage, which allowed for capturing of the serving players, the scoreboard, and of notable moments like Queen Mary entering the Royal Box.[17]

Meanwhile, when promoting coverage of the 1937 International Lawn Tennis Challenge, Director of Television Gerald Cock in issue 720 of Radio Times also praised the Wimbledon coverage, stating how fascination and the future of television would be based on how sports could be shown live, capturing actuality that newsreel footage simply could not.[18] An August issue of Radio Times also highlighted that a television mobile control was used for the broadcasting of the tennis, and had only previously been used for the Coronation. It in fact proved to be the tougher of the events to transmit, because of the lack of direct supply of electricity and linking an underground cable from Wimbledon to Alexandra Palace, which required the need for transmitter and generator vans to rectify the issues. Further still, the coverage was the first ever to utilise a complete radio link,[19] something that would prove crucial for other early television coverage of sports, rugby for example.[20]

The Daily Telegraph praised the quality of the broadcast, stating how not only was it easy to observe player movement, but also to even see the lawnmower marks over the grass.[21] Meanwhile, in his book Behind the Scenes at Wimbledon, Lieutenant-Colonel Duncan Macauley, an assistant referee and secretary of the All England Club, briefly mentioned how the experimental broadcasts would lead to millions being able to watch tennis in the future.[22] Indeed, the success of televising the 1937 Wimbledon Championships led to the BBC televising other tennis events like the International Lawn Tennis Challenge that same year, and the 1938 Wimbledon Championships. Wimbledon remains as one of the BBC's most prestigious sports programming and will be still broadcast by the corporation until at least 2027.[23]

Availability

Like all early BBC television programs, coverage of the 1937 Wimbledon Championships was broadcast live and was not directly recorded, as there were no means of achieving this prior to the end of the Second World War.[24] Thus, all televised footage of this tennis tournament is now permanently missing. Nevertheless, a collection of newsreels from British Pathé means that some coverage of the Championship remains publicly accessible.

Gallery

Videos

British Pathé newsreel containing footage of the Finals.

British Pathé newsreel containing footage of the Gentlemen's and Ladies' Singles Finals.

British Pathé newsreel containing footage of pre-Final Gentlemen's Singles and Mixed Doubles games.

British Pathé newsreel containing footage of Ladies' Singles and Gentlemen's Doubles games.

Images

See Also

Early BBC Sports Television

Early BBC Television

Early Sports Television Media

External Link

References

  1. Teletronic crediting the 1937 Wimbledon Championships as the first televised live tennis event. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  2. Wimbledon discussing Fred Perry's 1936 win. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  3. Wimbledon discussing Helen Jacobs' 1936 win. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  4. BBC News detailing Fred Perry becoming professional and leaving the International Lawn Tennis Club of Great Britain, meaning he did not defend his title. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  5. Wimbledon discussing televising the 1937 Wimbledon Championships, including the hype surrounded by Fred Perry's three consecutive Wimbledon wins and Bunny Austin. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  6. Electronic World discussing the vans needed to broadcast the 1937 Wimbledon Championships. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  7. BBC discussing the motivation and challenges of broadcasting the 1937 Wimbledon Championships. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  8. BBC discussing the concerns surrounding broadcasting the 1937 Wimbledon Championships, and providing the Radio Times illustration. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  9. Wimbledon detailing 1937 coverage and crediting the Bunny Austin and George Lyttleton Rogers game as the first to be televised. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  10. List of Gentlemen's Singles Championship winners, listing Don Budge's 1937 victory. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  11. List of Gentlemen's Doubles Championship winners, listing Don Budge and Gene Mako's 1937 victory. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  12. List of Mixed Doubles Championship winners, listing Don Budge and Alice Marble's 1937 victory. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  13. Tennis Planet crediting Don Budge as the only three-time Triple Crown winner, and for winning two Triple Crowns in one year. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  14. List of Ladies' Singles Championship winners, listing Dorothy Round's 1937 win among others. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  15. List of Ladies' Doubles Championship winners, listing Simonne Mathieu and Billie Yorke's 1937 win. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  16. Manchester Guardian newspaper detailing the Queen Mary coverage. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  17. Listener review of the 1937 Wimbledon coverage. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  18. Issue 720 of Radio Times containing Gerald Cock's optimism concerning televising sport. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  19. Illumination Media discussing televising the 1937 Wimbledon Championships, and providing the Radio Times quote discussing the challenges surrounding it. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  20. ESPN article showing the importance of radio links unveiled during the 1937 Wimbledon Championships, something crucial for broadcasting other sports, including rugby. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  21. Daily Telegraph review of the broadcasts. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  22. Behind the Scenes at Wimbledon briefly discussing televising the 1937 Wimbledon Championships. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  23. Guardian article reporting on the BBC broadcasting Wimbledon until at least 2027. Retrieved 27 Sep '21
  24. Web Archive article discussing how most pre-Second World War television is missing due to no means of directly recording television. Retrieved 27 Sep '21